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Chúng ta sống trong một thế giới năng động, và môi trường sống luôn luôn trải qua những thay đổi ở tất cả các cấp độ. Tuy nhiên, những thay đổi tự nhiên thường xảy ra ở tốc độ chậm để tác động đến từng loài có xu hướng nhỏ - ít nhất là trong ngắn hạn
Khi tốc độ thay đổi được tăng tốc đáng kể, có thể không có thời gian để các loài cá thể phản ứng với hoàn cảnh mới, và các hiệu ứng có thể là thảm họa. Tóm lại, đây là lý do khiến mất môi trường sống nhanh chóng được coi là nguyên nhân chính gây nguy hiểm cho loài, và không có lực lượng nào mạnh hơn trong vấn đề này so với con người. Ở một mức độ nào đó, mọi phần của trái đất đã bị ảnh hưởng bởi các hoạt động của con người, đặc biệt là trong thế kỷ qua. Điều này áp dụng trên hầu hết mọi quy mô, từ việc mất vi khuẩn trong đất đã từng hỗ trợ rừng nhiệt đới, đến sự tuyệt chủng của cá và các loài thủy sinh khác trong môi trường nước ngọt bị ô nhiễm, thay đổi khí hậu toàn cầu gây ra bởi việc thải khí nhà kính. Từ quan điểm của một đời người, những thay đổi như vậy có thể khó phát hiện và ảnh hưởng của chúng đối với từng loài có thể khó dự đoán. Nhưng bài học là đủ rõ ràng. Ví dụ, mặc dù nhiều quốc gia đã có kế hoạch trồng nhiều khu rừng nhiệt đới, chúng rất dễ bị phá hủy bởi vì các loại đất mà chúng phát triển rất nghèo trong các chất dinh dưỡng sẵn có. Nhiều thế kỷ có thể được yêu cầu mang lại một khu rừng bị cắt giảm hoặc bị đốt cháy trong không gian vài năm. Nhiều loài động vật và thực vật bị đe dọa nghiêm trọng trên thế giới sống trong các khu rừng như vậy, và chắc chắn rằng một số lượng lớn chúng sẽ biến mất nếu tỷ lệ mất rừng hiện tại tiếp tục. Môi trường sống trên thế giới là không thể thay đổi và tồn tại cố định.
P/S:ggdịch is free
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chụy Google dịch đọc méo hiểu gì nên mới lết xác lên đây đấy -.-
are you looking forward toanother busy week? You should be according to some experts. They argue that the stress encountered in our daily lives is not(1).....only.......good for us, but essential to survival. They say that the response to(2)...stress....., which creates a chemical called adrenalin, helps the mind and body to act quickly(3)....in...... emergencies.Animals and human beings use it to meet the hostile conditions which exist on the planet.Whilst nobody denies the pressures of everyday life,(4).....what........... is surprising is that we are yet to develop successful ways of(5).......dealing..... with them. Even the experts consider the current strategies to be inadequate and often dangerous. They believe that(6).........instead of.......... trying to manage our response to stress with drugs or relaxation technques, we must exploit it. Apparently, research shows that people who create conditions of stress for themselves (7)....by.......... doing exciting and risky sports or looking for challenges, cope much better (8).......with..... life's problems. Activities of this type have been shown to create a lot of emotion; people may actually cry or feel extremely uncomfortable. But there is a point at which they have succeeded and know that it was a positive(9)........experience...........
Are you looking forward to another busy week? You should be according (0) to some experts. They argue that the stress encountered in our daily lives is not only good for us, but essential to survival. They say that the response to stress, which creates a chemical called adrenalin, helps the mind and body to act quickly in emergencies. Animals and human beings use it to meet the hostile conditions which exist on the planet.
Whilst nobody denies the pressures of everyday life, what is surprising is that we are yet to develop successful ways of dealing with them. Even the experts consider the current strategies to be inadequate and often dangerous. They believe that instead of trying to manage our response to stress with drugs or relaxation techniques, we must exploit it. Apparently, research shows that people that create conditions of stress for themselves by doing exciting and risky sports or looking for challenges, cope much better with life’s problems. Activities of this type have been shown to create a lot of emotion; people may actually cry or feel extremely uncomfortable. But there is a point atwhich they have succeeded and know that it was a positive experience
* Complete the summary by writing the correct word in each blank (write one word only.)
Air ______pollution_____ (52) can make people _____ unhealthy ______ (53). Consequently, some countries pass _____laws_______ (54) to control the quantity of ____smoke_______ (55) in the air. Air pollution causes particular damage to the body by harming the _____ lung______ (56). ______Lead_______ (57) should not be used in petrol because it is bad for children’s ____brain_________ (58) and makes them clumsy in using their hands . Poisonous gas from _____cars_______ (59) collects in those parts of cities where there are tall buildings. Pollution can also have an influence on the earth’s _____climate_______ (60). The ice may melt near the North and South Poles, resulting in very bad ____floods________ (61).
* Complete the summary by writing the correct word in each blank (write one word only.)
Air (52) pollution can make people (53) ill. Consequently, some countries pass (54) laws to control the quantity of (55) smoke in the air. Air pollution causes particular damage to the body by harming the (56) lungs. (57) Lead should not be used in petrol because it is bad for children’s (58) health and makes them clumsy in using their hands. Poisonous gas from (59) lead collects in those parts of cities where there are tall buildings. Pollution can also have an influence on the earth’s (60) climate. The ice may melt near the North and South Poles, resulting in very bad (61) floods.
Read the following passage and do the tasks below:
Day after day we hear about how anthropogenic development is causing global warming. According to an increasingly vocal minority, however, we should be asking ourselves how much of this is media hype and how much is based on real evidence. It seems, as so often is the case that it depends on which expert you listen to, or which statistics you study.
Yes, it is true that there is a mass of evidence to indicate that the world is getting warmer, with one of the world's leading weather predictors stating that air temperatures have shown an increase of just under half a degree Celsius since the beginning of the twentieth century. And while this may not sound like anything worth losing sleep over, the international press would have us believe that the consequences could be devastating. Other experts, however, are of the opinion that what we are seeing is just part of a natural upward and downward swing that has always been part of the cycle of global weather. An analysis of the views of major meteorologists in the United States showed that less than 20% of them believed that any change in temperature over the last hundred years was our own fault - the rest attributed it to natural cyclical changes.
There is, of course, no denying that we are still at a very early stage in understanding weather. The effects of such variables as rainfall, cloud formation, the seas and oceans gases such as methane and ozone, or even solar energy are still not really understood, and therefore the predictions that we make using them cannot always be relied on. Dr. James Hansen, in 1988, was predicting that the likely effects of global warming would be a rising of world temperature which would have disastrous consequences for mankind: “a strong cause and effect relationship between the current climate and human alteration of the atmosphere ". He has now gone on record as stating that using artificial models of climate as a way of predicting change is all but impossible. In fact, he now believes that, rather than getting hotter, our planet is getting greener as a result of the carbon dioxide increase, with the prospect of increasing vegetation in areas which in recent history have been frozen wastelands.
In fact, there is some evidence to suggest that as our computer-based weather models have become more sophisticated, the predicted rises in temperature have been cut back. In addition, if we look at the much reported rise in global temperature over the last century, a close analysis reveals that the lion's share of that increase, almost three quarters in total, occurred before man began to "poison" his world with industrial processes and the accompanying greenhouse gas emissions in the second half of the twentieth century.
So should we pay any attention to those stories that scream out at us from billboards and television news headlines, claiming that man, with his inexhaustible dependence on oil-based machinery and ever more sophisticated forms of transport is creating a nightmare level of greenhouse gas emissions, poisoning his environment and ripping open the ozone layer? Doubters point to scientific evidence, which can prove that, of all the greenhouse gases, only two percent come from man-made sources, the rest resulting from natural emissions. Who, then, to believe: the environmentalist exhorting us to leave the car at home, to buy re-usable products packaged in recycled paper and to plant trees in our back yard? Or the skeptics, including, of course, a lot of big businesses who have most to lose, when they tell us that we are making a mountain out of a molehill? And my own opinion? The jury's still out as far as I am concerned!
Question 1-6: Choose the appropriate letters (A, B, C or D), based on the information from the passage.
1. The author ........
A believes that man is causing global warming
B believes that global warming is a natural process
C is sure what the causes of global warming are
D does not say what he believes the causes of global warming are
2. As to the cause of global warming, the author believes that ........
A occasionally the facts depend on who you are talking toB the facts always depend on who you are talking to
C often the facts depend on which expert you listen to
D you should not speak to experts
3. More than 80% of the top meteorologists in the United States are of the opinion that .........
A global warming should make us lose sleep
B global warming is not the result of natural cyclical changes, but man-made
C the consequences of global warming will be devastating
D global warming is not man-made, but the result of natural cyclical changes
4. Our understanding of weather ...........
A leads to reliable predictions
B is variable
C cannot be denied
D is not very developed yet
5. Currently, Dr. James Hansen's beliefs include the fact that .......
A it is nearly impossible to predict weather change using artificial models
B the consequences of global warming would be disastrous for mankind
C there is a significant link between the climate now, and man's changing of the atmosphere
D Earth is getting colder
6. Which of these is the best title for this text?
A Global Warming is for real
B Global warming - media hype or genuine threat?
C Weather changes over the last 100 years
D Global Warming - the greatest threat to mankind