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a) \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
b) Gọi x,y là số mol Al, Fe
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,448}{22,4}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có hệ : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+56y=0,83\\\dfrac{3}{2}x+y=0,02\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(x=\dfrac{29}{5700};y=\dfrac{47}{3800}\)
\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{\dfrac{27}{5700}.27}{0,83}.100=16,55\%\); \(\%m_{Fe}=100-16,55=83,45\%\)
c)Bảo toàn nguyên tố H: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,02.98}{200}.100=0,98\%\)
a, Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
2Al + 3H2SO4 ---> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
a---->1,5a--------------------------->1,5a
Mg + H2SO4 ---> MgSO4 + H2
b------>b----------------------->b
Hệ pt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+24b=6,3\\1,5a+b=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\left(mol\right)\\b=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg}=0,15.24=3,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{6,3}=42,86\%\\\%m_{Mg}=100\%-42,86\%=57,14\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, \(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,1.1,5+0,15=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\rightarrow V_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,5}=0,6\left(l\right)=600\left(ml\right)\)
c, đề yêu cầu jv?
Gọi x,y lần lượt là số mol của Al, Fe
nH2 = \(\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}\)=0,4 mol
Pt: 2Al + 3H2SO4 --> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
......x.................................0,5x...........1,5x
.....Fe + H2SO4 --> FeSO4 + H2
.......y..........................y............y
Ta có hệ pt:
{27x+56y=11
1,5x+y=0,4
⇔x=0,2, y=0,1
% mAl = \(\dfrac{0,2.27}{11}\).100%=49,1%
% mFe = \(\dfrac{0,1.56}{11}\).100%=50,9%
mAl2(SO4)3 = 0,5x . 342 = 0,5 . 0,2 . 342 = 34,2 (g)
mFeSO4 = 152y = 152 . 0,1 = 15,2 (g)
Gọi CTTQ: MxOy
Pt: MxOy + yH2 --to--> xM + yH2O
\(\dfrac{0,4}{y}\)<-------0,4
Ta có: 232,2=\(\dfrac{0,4}{y}\)(56x+16y)
⇔23,2=\(\dfrac{22,4x}{y}\)+6,4
⇔\(\dfrac{22,4x}{y}\)=16,8
⇔22,4x=16,8y
⇔x:y=3:4
Vậy CTHH của oxit: Fe3O4
1. Gọi mol của Mg và Al là x, y mol
=> 24x + 27y = 12,6 (1)
nH2 = 0,6 mol => x + 1,5y = 0,6 (2)
Từ (1) (2) => x = 0,3 ; y = 0,2
=> %Mg = 57,14%
=> %Al = 42,86%
nH2=13,44/22,4=0,6(mol)
Đặt: nMg=a(mol); nAl=b(mol) (a,b>0)
1) PTHH: Mg + H2SO4 -> MgSO4 + H2
a__________a________a_____a(mol)
2Al +3 H2SO4 -> Al2(SO4)3 + 3 H2
b___1,5b______0,5b____1,5b(mol)
Ta có hpt:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+27b=12,6\\a+1,5b=0,6\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,3\\b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> mMg=0,3.24=7,2(g)
=>%mMg= (7,2/12,6).100=57,143%
=>%mAl=42,857%
2) mMgSO4=120.a=120.0,3=36(g)
mAl2(SO4)3=342.0,5b=342.0,5.0,2= 34,2(g)
mH2SO4= (0,3+0,2.1,5).98=58,8(g)
=>mddH2SO4=58,8: 14,7%=400(g)
=>mddsau= 12,6+400 - 2.0,6= 411,4(g)
=>C%ddAl2(SO4)3= (34,2/411,4).100=8,313%
C%ddMgSO4=(36/411,4).100=8,751%
2Al + 3H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
\(n_{H_2}=\frac{10,08}{22,4}=0,45\left(mol\right)\)
a) Theo pt: \(n_{Al}=\frac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=\frac{2}{3}\times0,45=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,3\times27=8,1\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=14,5-8,1=6,4\left(g\right)\)
\(\%m_{Al}=\frac{8,1}{14,5}\times100\%=55,86\%\)
\(\%m_{Cu}=\frac{6,4}{14,5}\times100\%=44,14\%\)
b) Theo pT: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,45\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=0,45\times98=44,1\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\frac{44,1}{20\%}=220,5\left(g\right)\)
c) \(m_{H_2}=0,45\times2=0,9\left(g\right)\)
Ta có: \(m_{dd}saupứ=8,1+220,5-0,9=227,7\left(g\right)\)
Theo pT: \(n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\frac{1}{3}n_{H_2}=\frac{1}{3}\times0,45=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,15\times342=51,3\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\frac{51,3}{227,7}\times100\%=22,53\%\)
Gọi số mol của Al và Cu lần lượt là x và y
Vì Cu k phản ứng với dd H2SO4 20% ( đã bị pha loãng) nên ta có
\(PTHH:2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
(mol) 2 3 1 3
(mol) x 3x/2 x/2 3x/2
Theo đề bài ta có:
\(hpt:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}22,4\times\frac{3x}{2}=10,08\\27x+64y=14,5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,3\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=0,3\left(mol\right)\rightarrow\%m_{Al}=\frac{0,3.27}{14,5}.100\%=55,9\left(\%\right)\\n_{Cu}=0,1\left(mol\right)\rightarrow\%m_{Cu}=100-55,9=44,1\left(\%\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=n.M=\frac{98.3x}{2}=98.\frac{3.0,3}{2}=44,1\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\frac{44,1.100\%}{20\%}=220,5\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{ddAl_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\frac{m_{ct}}{m_{dd}}.100\%=\frac{342.\frac{0,3}{2}}{220,5+14,5-2.\frac{3.0,3}{2}}.100\%=21,91\left(\%\right)\)