Question

[Quỳnh Anh]

Rút gọn tổng \(S=\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{2}{x^3}+\dfrac{3}{x^4}+...+\dfrac{100}{x^{101}}\)

Answer 1

[Nguyễn Việt Lâm]

Xét hàm:

\(f\left(x\right)=\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{x^{100}}\)

\(\Rightarrow f'\left(x\right)=-\dfrac{1}{x^2}-\dfrac{2}{x^3}-\dfrac{3}{x^4}-...-\dfrac{100}{x^{101}}=-P\) (1)

Mặt khác \(f\left(x\right)\) là tổng cấp số nhân với \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n=100\\u_1=\dfrac{1}{x}\\q=\dfrac{1}{x}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)=u_1.\dfrac{1-q^{100}}{1-q}=\dfrac{1}{x}.\dfrac{1-\dfrac{1}{x^{100}}}{1-\dfrac{1}{x}}=\dfrac{1-\dfrac{1}{x^{100}}}{x-1}=\dfrac{x^{100}-1}{x^{101}-x^{100}}\)

\(\Rightarrow f'\left(x\right)=\dfrac{\left(x^{100}-1\right)'\left(x^{101}-x^{100}\right)-\left(x^{101}-x^{100}\right)'\left(x^{100}-1\right)}{\left(x^{101}-x^{100}\right)^2}=-\dfrac{x^{101}-101x^{100}+100}{x^{101}\left(x-1\right)^2}\) (2)

(1);(2) \(\Rightarrow P=\dfrac{x^{101}-101x^{100}+100}{x^{101}\left(x-1\right)^2}\)