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Tìm n ∈ N để
a) \(\dfrac{2n^4-3n^2+n-2}{n-1}\) ∈ N (n≠1)
b) \(\dfrac{-3n^3+2n^2-n-2}{n+2}\) ∈ Z (n≠-2)
a: \(\Leftrightarrow2n^4-2n^3-n^3+n^2-n^2+n-2⋮n-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow n-1\in\left\{-1;1;2\right\}\)
hay \(n\in\left\{0;2;3\right\}\)
Lời giải:
$\frac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}+4}=\frac{\sqrt{x}+4-3}{\sqrt{x}+4}=1-\frac{3}{\sqrt{x}+4}$
Vì $\sqrt{x}\geq 0$ nên $\sqrt{x}+4\geq 4$
$\Rightarrow \frac{3}{\sqrt{x}+4}\leq \frac{3}{4}$
$\Rightarrow \frac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}+4}=1-\frac{3}{\sqrt{x}+4}\geq 1-\frac{3}{4}=\frac{1}{4}$
Vậy $M=\frac{1}{4}$
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$N=\frac{\sqrt{x}+5}{\sqrt{x}+2}=1+\frac{3}{\sqrt{x}+2}$
Do $\sqrt{x}\geq 0$ nên $\sqrt{x}+2\geq 2$
$\Rightarrow \frac{3}{\sqrt{x}+2}\leq \frac{3}{2}$
$\Rightarrow \frac{\sqrt{x}+5}{\sqrt{x}+2}\leq 1+\frac{3}{2}=\frac{5}{2}$
Vậy $N=\frac{5}{2}$
$\Rightarrow 2M+N =2.\frac{1}{4}+\frac{5}{2}=3$
Đáp án C.
\(P=\sqrt{\left(10^n+1\right)^2-2.10^n+\left(\frac{10^n}{10^n+1}\right)^2}+\frac{10^n}{10^n+1}\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(10^n+1-\frac{10^n}{10^n+1}\right)^2}+\frac{10^n}{10^n+1}\)
\(=10^n+1-\frac{10^n}{10^n+1}+\frac{10^n}{10^n+1}\left(\text{vì }10^n+1-\frac{10^n}{10^n+1}>0\text{ }\right)\)
\(=10^n+1\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(\left(a+b\right)\left(\dfrac{x^4}{a}+\dfrac{y^4}{b}\right)\ge\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2=1\)
\(\Rightarrow VT=\dfrac{x^4}{a}+\dfrac{y^4}{b}\ge\dfrac{1}{a+b}=VP\)
Dấu "=" khi \(\dfrac{x^2}{a}=\dfrac{y^2}{b}\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a}=\dfrac{y^2}{b}=\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{a+b}=\dfrac{1}{a+b}\Rightarrow a+b=\dfrac{a}{x^2}\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)^n=\dfrac{a^n}{x^{2n}}\)
Xét \(VT\) của biểu thức cần c.m:
\(VT=\left(\dfrac{x^2}{a}\right)^n+\left(\dfrac{y^2}{b}\right)^n=2\cdot\dfrac{x^{2n}}{a^n}\)
Và \(VP=\dfrac{2}{\left(a+b\right)^n}=\dfrac{2}{\dfrac{a^n}{x^{2n}}}=2\cdot\dfrac{x^{2n}}{a^n}\)
Vậy có ĐPCM
\(\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{2}{3}.\dfrac{3}{4}......\dfrac{2n-1}{2n}=\dfrac{1.2.3.....\left(2n-1\right)}{2.3.4.....2n}=\dfrac{1}{2n}\)
Khi đó ta có điều cần chứng minh:
\(\dfrac{1}{2n}\le\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3n+1}}\left(n>\dfrac{1}{3}\right)\)
Hay
\(\dfrac{\sqrt{3n+1}}{2n\left(\sqrt{3n+1}\right)}\le\dfrac{2n}{2n\left(\sqrt{3n+1}\right)}\)
Hay \(\sqrt{3n+1}\le2n\)(luôn đúng)
\(M=\dfrac{n^3+2n^2-1}{n^3+2n^2+2n+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{n^3+n^2+n^2+n-n-1}{\left(n+1\right).\left(n^2-n+1\right)+2n.\left(n+1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{n^2\left(n+1\right)+n\left(n-1\right)-\left(n+1\right)}{\left(n+1\right).\left(n^2-n+1+2n\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(n+1\right).\left(n^2+n-1\right)}{\left(n+1\right).\left(n^2+n+1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{n^2+n-1}{n^2+n+1}\)
hàng thứ 3 là dấu + không phải dây - nha