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N= \(\dfrac{x^2+3x-4}{x^2+10x+25}\)
N=\(\dfrac{x^2-x+4x-4}{\left(x+5\right)^2}\)
N=\(\dfrac{x\left(x-1\right)+4\left(x-1\right)}{\left(x+5\right)^2}\)
N=\(\dfrac{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+4\right)}{\left(x+5\right)^2}\)
Thay x= -18 vào N, ta có:
N=\(\dfrac{\left[\left(-18\right)-1\right]\left[\left(-18\right)+4\right]}{\left[\left(-18\right)+5\right]^2}\)
N= \(\dfrac{266}{169}\)
N=\(\dfrac{x^2-1x+4x-4}{x^2+5x+5x+25}\)
\(N=\dfrac{\left(x^2-1x\right)+\left(4x-4\right)}{\left(x^2+5x\right)+\left(5x+25\right)}\)
\(N=\dfrac{x\left(x-1\right)+4\left(x-1\right)}{x\left(x+5\right)+5\left(x+5\right)}\)
\(N=\dfrac{\left(x+4\right)\left(x-1\right)}{\left(x+5\right)\left(x+5\right)}\)
\(N=\dfrac{\left(x+4\right)\left(x-1\right)}{\left(x+5\right)^2}\)
\(P=\frac{n^3+2n^2-1}{n^3+2n^2+2n+1}\)
ĐKXĐ : \(n\ne-1\)
\(=\frac{n^3+n^2+n^2+n-n-1}{n^3+2n^2+2n+1}=\frac{n^2\left(n+1\right)+n\left(n+1\right)-\left(n+1\right)}{\left(n^3+1\right)+2n\left(n+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(n+1\right)\left(n^2+n-1\right)}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n^2-n+1\right)+2n\left(n+1\right)}=\frac{\left(n+1\right)\left(n^2+n-1\right)}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n^2+n+1\right)}=\frac{n^2+n-1}{n^2+n+1}\)
Với n nguyên, đặt ƯC( n2 + n - 1 ; n2 + n + 1 ) = d
=> n2 + n - 1 ⋮ d và n2 + n + 1 ⋮ d
=> ( n2 + n + 1 ) - ( n2 + n - 1 ) ⋮ d
=> n2 + n + 1 - n2 - n + 1 ⋮ d
=> 2 ⋮ d => d = 1 hoặc d = 2
Dễ thấy n2 + n + 1 ⋮/ 2 ∀ n ∈ Z ( bạn tự chứng minh )
=> loại d = 2
=> d = 1
=> ƯCLN( n2 + n - 1 ; n2 + n + 1 ) = 1
hay P tối giản ( đpcm )
Bài 1:
a: Ta có: \(A=\left(k-4\right)\left(k^2+4k+16\right)-\left(k^3+128\right)\)
\(=k^3-64-k^3-128\)
=-192
b: Ta có: \(B=\left(2m+3n\right)\left(4m^2-6mn+9n^2\right)-\left(3m-2n\right)\left(9m^2+6mn+4n^2\right)\)
\(=8m^3+27n^3-27m^3+8n^3\)
\(=-19m^3+35n^3\)
Bài 4:
a: Ta có: \(\left(x-1\right)^3+\left(2-x\right)\left(4+2x+x^2\right)+3x\left(x+2\right)=16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3-3x^2+3x-1+8-x^3+3x^2+6x=16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9x=9\)
hay x=1
b: ta có: \(\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2-2x+4\right)-x\left(x^2-2\right)=15\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3+8-x^3+2x=15\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x=7\)
hay \(x=\dfrac{7}{2}\)