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Bài làm:
a) \(P=x^2-5x=\left(x^2-5x+\frac{25}{4}\right)-\frac{25}{4}\)
\(=\left(x-\frac{5}{2}\right)^2-\frac{25}{4}\le-\frac{25}{4}\left(\forall x\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(x=\frac{5}{2}\)
Vậy \(Min_P=-\frac{25}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{5}{2}\)
a) P = x2 - 5x
= ( x2 - 5x + 25/4 ) - 25/4
= ( x - 5/2 )2 - 25/4
( x - 5/2 )2 ≥ 0 ∀ x => ( x - 5/2 )2 - 25/4 ≥ -25/4
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> x - 5/2 = 0 => x = 5/2
=> MinF = -25/4 <=> x = 5/2
b) Q = x2 + 2y2 + 2xy - 2x - 6y + 2015
= ( x2 + 2xy + y2 - 2x - 2y + 1 ) + ( y2 - 4y + 4 ) + 2010
= [ ( x + y )2 - 2( x + y ) + 12 ] + ( y - 2 )2 + 2010
= ( x + y - 1 )2 + ( y - 2 )2 + 2010
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x+y-1\right)^2\ge0\forall x,y\\\left(y-2\right)^2\ge0\forall x\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\left(x+y-1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2+2010\ge2010\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+y-1=0\\y-2=0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y-1=0\\y=2\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=-1\\y=2\end{cases}}\)
=> MinQ = 2010 <=> x = -1 , y = 2
A = 2x2 + 6x = 2( x2 + 3x + 9/4 ) - 9/2 = 2( x + 3/2 )2 - 9/2 ≥ -9/2 ∀ x
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x = -3/2
=> MinA = -9/2 <=> x = -3/2
B = x2 - 2x + y2 - 4y + 6 = ( x2 - 2x + 1 ) + ( y2 - 4y + 4 ) + 1 = ( x - 1 )2 + ( y - 2 )2 + 1 ≥ 1 ∀ x, y
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x = 1 ; y = 2
=> MinB = 1 <=> x = 1 ; y = 2
C = x2 - 2xy + 6y2 - 12x + 2y + 45
= ( x2 - 2xy + y2 - 12x + 12y + 36 ) + ( 5y2 - 10y + 5 ) + 4
= [ ( x2 - 2xy + y2 ) - ( 12x - 12y ) + 36 ] + 5( y2 - 2y + 1 ) + 4
= [ ( x - y )2 - 2( x - y ).6 + 62 ] + 5( y - 1 )2 + 4
= ( x - y - 6 )2 + 5( y - 1 )2 + 4 ≥ 4 ∀ x, y
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x = 7 ; y = 1
=> MinC = 4 <=> x = 7 ; y = 1
D = ( x - 1 )( x + 2 )( x + 3 )( x + 6 )
= [ ( x - 1 )( x + 6 ) ][ ( x + 2 )( x + 3 ) ]
= ( x2 + 5x - 6 )( x2 + 5x + 6 )
= ( x2 + 5x )2 - 36 ≥ -36 ∀ x
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x2 + 5x = 0
<=> x( x + 5 ) = 0
<=> x = 0 hoặc x = -5
=> MinD = -36 <=> x = 0 hoặc x = -5
1) \(A=2x^2+6x=2\left(x^2+3x+\frac{9}{4}\right)-\frac{9}{2}=2\left(x+\frac{3}{2}\right)^2-\frac{9}{4}\ge-\frac{9}{4}\left(\forall x\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(2\left(x+\frac{3}{2}\right)^2=0\Rightarrow x=-\frac{3}{2}\)
Vậy Min(A) = -9/4 khi x = -3/2
2) \(B=x^2-2x+y^2-4y+6\)
\(B=\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+\left(y^2-4y+4\right)+1\)
\(B=\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2+1\ge1\left(\forall x,y\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x-1\right)^2=0\\\left(y-2\right)^2=0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=1\\y=2\end{cases}}\)
Vậy Min(B) = 1 khi x = 1 và y = 2
3) \(C=x^2-2xy+6y^2-12x+2y+45\)
\(C=\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)-12\left(x-y\right)+36+\left(5y^2-10y+5\right)+4\)
\(C=\left(x-y\right)^2-12\left(x-y\right)+36+5\left(y-1\right)^2+4\)
\(C=\left(x-y-6\right)^2+5\left(y-1\right)^2+4\ge4\left(\forall x,y\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x-y-6\right)^2=0\\5\left(y-1\right)^2=0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=7\\y=1\end{cases}}\)
Vậy Min(C) = 4 khi x = 7 và y = 1
4) \(D=\left[\left(x-1\right)\left(x+6\right)\right]\left[\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\right]\)
\(D=\left(x^2+5x-6\right)\left(x^2+5x+6\right)\)
\(D=\left(x^2+5x\right)^2-36\ge-36\left(\forall x\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(\left(x^2+5x\right)^2=0\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=0\\x=-5\end{cases}}\)
Vậy Min(D) = -36 khi x = 0 hoặc x = -5
a ) \(x^2-x+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-2.x.\dfrac{1}{2}+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Ta có : \(\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Vậy GTNN là \(\dfrac{3}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}.\)
\(D=x^2-2xy+2xy+2y^2+2x-10y+17\)
\(D=\left(x^2+2x+1\right)+2\left(y^2-5y+\frac{25}{4}\right)+\frac{7}{2}\)
\(D=\left(x+1\right)^2+2\left(y-\frac{5}{2}\right)^2+\frac{7}{2}\ge\frac{7}{2}\)
Vậy GTNN của D là \(\frac{7}{2}\)khi x = -1; y = \(\frac{5}{2}\)
= x^2 - 2x + 1 + 2y^2 - 6y + 2014
= ( x - 1 )^2 + 2( y^2 - 2.3/2.y + 9/4 - 9/4 + 1007 )
= ( x - 1 )^2 + 2[ ( y - 3/2 )^2 + 4019/4 ]
Ta có: ( x - 1 )^2 và ( y - 3/2 )^2 > hoặc = 0 với mọi x, y
=> ( x - 1 )^2 và ( y - 3/2 )^2 nhỏ nhất = 0
=> 0 + 2.0 + 2.4019/4 = 4019/2