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Đặt \(g\left(x\right)=f\left(x\right)+h\left(x\right)\left(1\right)\)trong đó \(h\left(x\right)=ax^2+bx+c\left(2\right)\)
Tìm \(a,b,c\)sao cho \(g\left(1\right)=g\left(2\right)=g\left(3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}g\left(1\right)=f\left(1\right)+h\left(1\right)=0\\g\left(2\right)=f\left(2\right)+h\left(2\right)=0\\g\left(3\right)=f\left(3\right)+h\left(3\right)=0\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}h\left(1\right)=-5\\h\left(2\right)=-11\\h\left(3\right)=-21\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a+b+c=-5\\4a+2b+c=-11\\9a+3b+c=-21\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a+b+c=-5\\3a+b=-6\\5a+b=-10\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=-2\\b=0\\c=-3\end{cases}}\)Thay vào (2) ta được:
\(h\left(x\right)=4x-3\)
Vì \(g\left(1\right)=g\left(2\right)=g\left(3\right)=0\)mà g(x) bậc 4 có hệ số cao nhất là 1 nên ta có
\(g\left(x\right)=\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)\left(x-3\right)\left(x-x_0\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right)\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)=g\left(x\right)-h\left(x\right)\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)\left(x-3\right)\left(x-x_0\right)+4x-3\)
\(f\left(-1\right)=\left(-1-1\right)\left(-1-2\right)\left(-1-3\right)\left(-1-x_0\right)+4.\left(-1\right)-3\)
\(=-24\left(-1-x_0\right)-7\)
\(f\left(5\right)=\left(5-1\right)\left(5-2\right)\left(5-3\right)\left(5-x_0\right)+4.5-3\)
\(=24\left(5-x_0\right)+17\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(-1\right)+f\left(5\right)\)\(=-24\left(-1-x_0\right)-7+24\left(5-x_0\right)+17\)
\(=24+24x_0+120-24x_0+10\)
\(=154\)
\(f\left(x\right)=\left(x^4+x\right)+\left(3x^3+3\right)+x^2-5x+4=x\left(x^3+1\right)+3\left(x^3+1\right)+x^2-5x+4\)
Để dư bằng 0 thì \(x^2-5x+4=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x\left(x-4\right)-\left(x-4\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-4\right)\left(x-1\right)=0\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=4\\x=1\end{cases}}\)
1. \(f\left(x\right)=25x^2-20x+\dfrac{9}{2}\)
=>\(f\left(x\right)=25x^2-20x+4+\dfrac{1}{2}\)
=> \(f\left(x\right)=(25x^2-20x+4)+\dfrac{1}{2}\)
=> \(f\left(x\right)=(5x-2)^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Ta thấy: \((5x-2)^2\ge0\)
=>\(f\left(x\right)=(5x-2)^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\ge\dfrac{1}{2}>0\)(đpcm)
2. \(f\left(x\right)=4x^2-28x+50\)
=> \(f\left(x\right)=(4x^2-28x+49)+1\)
=> \(f\left(x\right)=(2x-7)^2+1\)
Ta thấy: \((2x-7)^2\ge0\)
=> \(f\left(x\right)=(2x-7)^2+1\ge1>0\) (đpcm)
3. \(f\left(x\right)=-16x^2+72x-82\)
=> \(f\left(x\right)=-(16x^2-72x+82)\)
=> \(f\left(x\right)=-(16x^2-72x+81+1)\)
=> \(f\left(x\right)=-[(4x-9)^2+1]\)
Ta thấy: \((4x-9)^2\ge0\)
=> \((4x-9)^2+1\ge1>0\)
=> \(f\left(x\right)=-[(4x-9)^2+1]< 0\)
5. \(f\left(x;y\right)=4x^2+9y^2-12x+6y+11\)
=> \(f\left(x;y\right)=4x^2+9y^2-12x+6y+9+1+1\)
=> \(f\left(x;y\right)=(4x^2-12x+9)+(9y^2+6y+1)+1\)
=> \(f\left(x;y\right)=(2x-3)^2+(3y+1)^2+1\)
Ta thấy: \((2x-3)^2\ge0\)
\((3y+1)^2\ge0\)
=> \(f\left(x;y\right)=(2x-3)^2+(3y+1)^2+1\) \(\ge1>0\) (đpcm)
Đặt \(f\left(x\right)=ax^3+bx^2+cx+d\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(x+1\right)=a\left(x+1\right)^2+b\left(x+1\right)^2+c\left(x+1\right)+d\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(x+1\right)=ax^3+\left(3a+b\right)x^2+\left(3a+2b+c\right)x+a+b+c+d\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)+f\left(x+1\right)=2ax^3+\left(3a+2b\right)x^2+\left(3a+2b+2c\right)x+a+b+c+2d\)
Đồng nhất hệ số ta được:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2a=4\\3a+2b=14\\3a+2b+2c=16\\a+b+c+2d=17\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=2\\b=4\\c=1\\d=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(f\left(x\right)=2x^3+4x^2+x+5\)