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a, PT: \(MgCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\)
\(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O\)
b, Ta có: \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{MgCO_3}=n_{CO_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{MgCO_3}=0,1.84=8,4\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{MgO}=10,4-m_{MgCO_3}=2\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Fe2O3}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(Fe_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2FeCl_3+3H_2O|\)
1 6 2 3
0,1 0,6 0,2
a) \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,1.6}{1}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{HCl}=0,6.36,5=21,9\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{21,9.100}{7,3}=300\left(g\right)\)
b) \(n_{FeCl3}=\dfrac{0,6.2}{6}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{FeCl3}=0,2.162,5=32,5\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddspu}=16+300=316\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{FeCl3}=\dfrac{32,5.100}{316}=10,28\)0/0
PTHH: \(Fe_3O_4+8HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+2FeCl_3+4H_2O\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{23,2}{232}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl}=\dfrac{300\cdot3,65\%}{36,5}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}>\dfrac{0,3}{8}\) \(\Rightarrow\) Fe3O4 còn dư, HCl p/ứ hết
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe_3O_4\left(dư\right)}=0,0625\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeCl_2}=0,0375\left(mol\right)\\m_{FeCl_3}=0,075\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe_3O_4\left(dư\right)}=0,0625\cdot232=14,5\left(g\right)\\m_{muối}=0,0375\cdot127+0,075\cdot162,5=16,95\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
nFe3O4= 23,2/232=0,1(mol); nHCl = (300.3,65%)/36,5= 0,3(mol)
a) PTHH: Fe3O4 + 8 HCl -> 2 FeCl3 + FeCl2 + 4 H2O
b) Ta có: 0,3/8 < 0,1/1
=> Fe3O4 dư, HCl hết, tính theo nHCl.
=> nFe3O4(p.ứ)= nFeCl2= nHCl/8=0,3/8= 0,0375(mol)
=> mFe3O4(dư)= (0,1- 0,0375).232=14,5(g)
c) nFeCl3= 2/8. 0,3= 0,075(mol)
=> mFeCl3= 0,075.162,5=12,1875(g)
mFeCl2= 0,0375. 127=4,7625(g)
=>m(muối)= 12,1875+ 4,7625= 16,95(g)
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{6}{24}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ 0,25.........0,5.........0,25.......0,25\left(mol\right)\\ a.V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,25.22,4=5,6\left(l\right)\\ b.m_{HCl}=0,5.36,5=18,25\left(g\right)\\ c.n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ Fe_2O_3+3H_2\underrightarrow{^{to}}2Fe+3H_2O\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,25}{3}< \dfrac{0,1}{1}\\ \Rightarrow Fe_2O_3dư\\ n_{Fe}=\dfrac{2}{3}.0,25=\dfrac{1}{6}\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Fe}=\dfrac{1}{6}.56\approx9,333\left(g\right)\)
a,\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{6}{24}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2
Mol: 0,25 0,5 0,25
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,25.22,4=5,6\left(l\right)\)
b,\(m_{HCl}=0,5.36,5=18,25\left(g\right)\)
c,\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe2O3 + 3H2 → 2Fe + 3H2O
Mol: 0,25 \(\dfrac{1}{6}\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}>\dfrac{0,25}{3}\)⇒ Fe2O3 dư, H2 hết
\(m_{Fe}=\dfrac{1}{6}.56=9,33\left(g\right)\)
a)
$Zn + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2$
$ZnO + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2O$
b)
$n_{Zn} = n_{H_2} = \dfrac{2,24}{22,4} = 0,1(mol)$
$m_{Zn} = 0,1.65 = 6,5(gam)$
$m_{ZnO} = 14,6 - 6,5 = 8,1(gam)$
c)
$n_{ZnO} = \dfrac{8,1}{81} = 0,1(mol)$
$n_{HCl} = 2n_{Zn} + 2n_{ZnO} = 0,4(mol)$
$\Rightarrow V_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{0,4}{C_{M_{HCl}}}$
a) \(CuO+CO\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+CO2\)
\(FexOy+yCO\underrightarrow{t^o}xFe+yCO2\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl2+H2\)
Ta có:
\(n_{H2}=\dfrac{4,704}{22,4}=0,21\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{Fe}=0,21\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=11,76\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=14,32-11,76=2,56\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{Cu}=\dfrac{2,56}{64}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{CuO}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{CuO}=\dfrac{0,04.80}{19,44}.100\%=16,46\%\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{FexOy}=100-16,46=83,54\%\)
b) \(m_{FexOy}=19,44-0,04.80=16,24\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Fe}=0,21\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{FexOy}=\dfrac{1}{x}n_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,21}{x}\left(mol\right)\)
\(M_{FexOy}=\dfrac{16,24}{\dfrac{0,21}{x}}=\dfrac{232}{3}x\)
| x | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| \(M_{FexOy}\) | 77,33(loại) | 154,6(loại) | 232(TM) |
\(\Rightarrow FexOy\) là \(Fe3O4\)
Chúc bạn học tốt ^^
Câu a tính khối lượng mỗi chất trong hh ban đầu phải không ạ?
nHCl=0,3.2=0,6(mol)
a) PTHH: CuO +2 HCl -> CuCl2 + H2O
0,3_______________0,6___0,3(mol)
b) mCuO=0,3.80=24(g)
c) VddCuCl2=VddHCl=0,3(l)
=>CMddCuCl2=0,3/0,3=1(M)
d) m(muối)=0,3.135=40,5(g)
a) Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
b) \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{22,4}{56}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
_____0,4--->0,8------>0,4--->0,4
=> VH2 = 0,4.22,4 = 8,96(l)
c) mHCl = 0,8.36,5 = 29,2 (g)
=> \(m_{dd\left(HCl\right)}=\dfrac{29,2.100}{7,3}=400\left(g\right)\)
mdd (sau pư) = 22,4 + 400 - 0,4.2 = 421,6 (g)
=> \(C\%\left(FeCl_2\right)=\dfrac{127.0,4}{421,6}.100\%=12,05\%\)
$n_{CuO} = \dfrac{8}{80} = 0,1(mol) ; n_{HCl} = 0,15.2 = 0,3(mol)$
$CuO + 2HCl \to CuCl_2 + H_2O$
Ta thấy :
$n_{CuO} : 1 < n_{HCl} : 2$ nên HCl dư
$n_{CuCl_2} = n_{CuO} = 0,1(mol)$
$n_{HCl\ pư} = 2n_{CuO} = 0,2(mol) \Rightarrow n_{HCl\ dư} = 0,3 - 0,2 = 0,1(mol)$
$C_{M_{CuCl_2}} = \dfrac{0,1}{0,15} = 0,67M$
$C_{M_{HCl}} = \dfrac{0,1}{0,15} = 0,67M$
Bài 3 :
\(n_{Fe\left(OH\right)3}=\dfrac{21,4}{107}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
a) Pt : \(2Fe\left(OH\right)_3\underrightarrow{t^o}Fe_2O_3+3H_2O|\)
2 1 3
0,2 0,1
b) \(n_{Fe2O3}=\dfrac{0,2.1}{2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{Fe2O3}=0,1.160=16\left(g\right)\)
c) Pt : \(Fe_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2FeCl_3+3H_2O|\)
1 6 2 3
0,1 0,6
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,1.6}{1}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,6}{2}=0,3\left(l\right)=300\left(ml\right)\)
Chúc bạn học tốt