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Pt:\(Ca\left(OH\right)_2+CO_2\) ➞\(CaCO_3+H_2O\)
\(n_{CO_2}=\frac{V}{22,4}=\frac{3,584}{22,4}=0,16\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=C_M.V=0,05.2=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
➞\(n_{CaCO_3}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
Δm =\(m_{CO_2}-m_{CaCO_3}=3,04g\)
➜Tăng 3,04 g
Số mol
Phương trình :
Số mol Ca(OH)2 tạo thành
Thể tích dd :
Nồng độ dd Ca(OH)2
1/
a)
\(n_{Ba}=\frac{27,4}{137}=0,2mol\); \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\frac{9,8}{98}=0,1mol\)
PTHH: \(Ba+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4\downarrow+H_2\uparrow\)
Trước pư: \(0,2\) \(0,1\) \(\left(mol\right)\)
Pư: \(0,1\) \(0,1\) \(0,1\) \(0,1\) \(\left(mol\right)\)
Sau pư: \(0,1\) \(0\) \(0,1\) \(0,1\) \(\left(mol\right)\)
Sau pư còn dư 0,1mol Ba nên Ba tiếp tục pư với H2O trong dd:
\(Ba+2H_2O\rightarrow Ba\left(OH\right)_2+H_2\uparrow\)
\(0,1\) \(0,1\) \(0,1\) \(\left(mol\right)\)
Tổng số mol H2 sau 2 pư : \(n_{H_2}=0,1+0,1=0,2mol\)
Thể tích khí thu được: \(V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48l\)
b)
Dd thu được sau pư là dd \(Ba\left(OH\right)_2\)
\(m_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,1.171=17,1g\)
\(m_{dd}=27,4+100-m_{BaSO_4}-m_{H_2}\)\(=27,4+100-0,1.233-0,2.2=103,7g\)
\(C\%_{ddBa\left(OH\right)_2}=\frac{17,1}{103,7}.100\%\approx16,49\%\)
2/
\(n_{H_2S}=\frac{0,672}{22,4}=0,03mol\)
\(CaS+2HBr\rightarrow CaBr_2+H_2S\uparrow\)
Theo pt:
\(n_{CaS}=n_{CaBr_2}=n_{H_2S}=0,03mol\) ; \(n_{HBr}=0,06mol;\)\(m_{HBr}=0,06.81=4,86g\)
\(m=m_{CaS}=0,03.72=2,16g;\)\(m_{CaBr_2}=0,03.200=6g\)
\(\Rightarrow m_1=\frac{4,86.100}{9,72}=50g\)
Áp dụng ĐLBTKL:
\(m_2=m_{ddCaBr_2}=50+2,16-34.0,03=51,14g\)
\(x=C\%_{CaBr_2}=\frac{6.100}{51,14}\approx11,73\%\)
Câu 1:
\(m_{Na_2CO_3}=\dfrac{C\%\cdot m_{d^2}}{100}=\dfrac{16,96\cdot100}{100}=16,96\left(g\right)\\ m_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{C\%\cdot m_{d^2}}{100}=\dfrac{10,4\cdot200}{100}=20,8\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{Na_2CO_3}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{16,96}{106}=0,16\left(mol\right)\\ n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{20,8}{208}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{BaCO_3}=n\cdot M=0,1\cdot197=19,7\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{d^2\text{ }sau\text{ }pứ}=\left(m_{d^2\text{ }Na_2CO_3}+m_{d^2\text{ }BaCl_2}\right)-m_{BaCO_3}\\ =\left(100+200\right)-19,7=280,3\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Na_2CO_3\left(dư\right)}=n\cdot M=0,06\cdot106=6,36\left(g\right)\\ m_{NaCl}=n\cdot M=0,2\cdot58,5=11,7\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%\left(Na_2CO_3\left(dư\right)\right)=\dfrac{m_{ct}}{m_{d^2}}\cdot100=\dfrac{6,36}{280,3}\cdot100=2,27\%\\ C\%\left(NaCl\right)=\dfrac{m_{ct}}{m_{d^2}}\cdot100=\dfrac{11,7}{280,3}\cdot100=4,17\%\)
Câu 2:
\(m_{HCl}=\dfrac{C\%\cdot m_{d^2}}{100}=\dfrac{150\cdot2,65}{100}=3,975\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{3,975}{36,5}=0,11\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow C_{M\left(HCl\right)}=\dfrac{n}{V}=\dfrac{0,11}{2}=0,054\left(M\right)\)
Câu 3:
\(n_{NaOH}=C_M\cdot V=2\cdot1=2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{d^2\text{ }NaOH}=\dfrac{n}{C_M}=\dfrac{2}{0,1}=20\left(l\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2O}=20-2=18\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{BaSO_4}=\dfrac{23.3}{233}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(Na_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH\)
\(BaO+H_2O\rightarrow Ba\left(OH\right)_2\)
\(2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+H_2O\)
\(Ba\left(OH\right)_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4+H_2O\)
\(n_{BaO}=n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{BaSO_4}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{BaO}=0.1\cdot153=15.3\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Na_2O}=24.6-15.3=9.3\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Na_2O}=\dfrac{9.3}{62}=0.15\left(mol\right)\)
\(\%BaO=62.2\%\)
\(\%Na_2O=37.8\%\)
\(2.\)
\(m_{ddX}=24.6+73.7=98.3\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0.15}{2}+0.1=0.175\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0.175\cdot98\cdot100}{19.6}=87.5\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddY}=m_{ddX}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{\downarrow}=98.3+87.5-23.3=162.5\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0.075\cdot142}{162.5}\cdot100\%=6.55\%\)
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 -> CaCO3 + H2O (1)
nCO2=0,3(mol)
Từ 1:
nCa(OH)2=nCaCO3=nCO2=0,3(mol)
mCaCO3=100.0,3=30(g)
CM dd ca(OH)2=\(\dfrac{0,3}{0,2}=1,5M\)
1)
n CO2 = 280/1000.22,4 = 0,0125(mol)
n Ca(OH)2 = 750.0,148%/74 = 0,015(mol)
Vì n CO2 / n Ca(OH)2 = 0,0125/0,015 = 0,83 < 1 nên Ca(OH)2 dư
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 → CaCO3 + H2O
n CaCO3 = n CO2 = 0,0125(mol)
=> m CaCO3 = 0,0125.100 = 1,25(gam)
2)
Ta có :
m CO2 - m CaCO3 = 0,0125.44 -1,25 = -0,7
Suy ra khối lượng dung dịch giảm 0,7 gam
3)
n Ca(OH)2 dư = 0,015 - 0,0125 = 0,0025(mol)
Sau phản ứng :
m dd = 0,0125.44 + 750 - 1,25 = 749,3(gam)
C% Ca(OH)2 = 0,0025.74/749,3 .100% = 0,025%