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\(a,=\left(x+1\right)\left(x+3\right)\\ b,=-5x^2+15x+x-3=\left(x-3\right)\left(1-5x\right)\\ c,=2x^2+2x+5x+5=\left(2x+5\right)\left(x+1\right)\\ d,=2x^2-2x+5x-5=\left(x-1\right)\left(2x+5\right)\\ e,=x^3+x^2-4x^2-4x+x+1=\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-4x+1\right)\\ f,=x^2+x-5x-5=\left(x+1\right)\left(x-5\right)\)
\(a,27x^3-54x^2y+36xy^2-8y^3\)
\(=\left(3x\right)^3-3.\left(3x\right)^2.2y+3.3x.\left(2y\right)^2-\left(2y\right)^3\)
\(=\left(3x-2y\right)^3\)
\(b,x^3-1+5x^2-5+3x-3\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)+5\left(x^2-1\right)+3\left(x-1\right)\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)+5\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)+3\left(x-1\right)\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)\left[x^2+x+1+5\left(x+1\right)+3\right]\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+6x+9\right)\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+3\right)^2\)
\(c,a^5+a^4+a^3+a^2+a+1\)
\(=a^4\left(a+1\right)+a^2\left(a+1\right)+\left(a+1\right)\)
\(=\left(a+1\right)\left(a^4+a^2+1\right)\)
\(27x^3-54x^2y+36xy^2-8y^3\)
\(=\left(3x\right)^3-3\cdot\left(3x\right)^2\cdot2y+3\cdot3x\cdot\left(2y\right)^2-\left(2y\right)^3\)
\(=\left(3x-2y\right)^3\)
______________________
\(x^3-1+5x^2-5+3x-3\)
\(=\left(x^3-1\right)+\left(5x^2-5\right)+\left(3x-3\right)\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)+5\left(x^2-1\right)+3\left(x-1\right)\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)+5\left(x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)+3\left(x-1\right)\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1+5x+5+3\right)\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+6x+9\right)\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+3\right)^2\)
________________
\(a^5+a^4+a^3+a^2+a+1\)
\(=a^4\left(a+1\right)+a^2\left(a+1\right)+\left(a+1\right)\)
\(=\left(a+1\right)\left(a^4+a^2+1\right)\)
\(=\left(a+1\right)\left(a^2-a+1\right)\left(a^2+a+1\right)\)
\(a,10x^2y-20xy^2=10xy\left(x-2y\right)\\ b,x^2-y^2+10y-25=x^2-\left(y^2-10y+25\right)=x^2-\left(y-5\right)^2=\left(x-y+5\right)\left(x+y-5\right)\\ c,x^2-y^2+3x-3y=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)+3\left(x-y\right)=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y+3\right)\\ d,x^3+3x^2-16x-48=\left(x^3+3x^2\right)-\left(16x+48\right)=x^2\left(x+3\right)-16\left(x+3\right)=\left(x+3\right)\left(x^2-16\right)=\left(x+3\right)\left(x+4\right)\left(x-4\right)\)
\(e,9x^3+6x^2+x=x\left(9x^2+6x+1\right)=x\left(3x+1\right)^2\\ f,x^4+5x^3+15x-9=\left(x^4+5x^3-3x^2\right)+\left(3x^2+15x-9\right)=x^2\left(x^2+5x-3\right)+3\left(x^2+5x-3\right)=\left(x^2+3\right)\left(x^2+5x-3\right)\)
1a) \(=-\left(x^3-3x^2+3x-1\right)=-\left(x-1\right)^3\)
b) \(=-\left(x^3-3x^2+3x-1\right)=-\left(x-1\right)^3\)
\(a,=-\left(x-1\right)^3\left[=\left(1-x\right)^3\right]\\ b,=\left(1-x\right)^3\)
Lời giải:
a.
$3x^2+xy-4y^2=(3x^2-3xy)+(4xy-4y^2)=3x(x-y)+4y(x-y)=(x-y)(3x+4y)$
b.
$x^8-5x^4+4=(x^8-x^4)-(4x^4-4)$
$=x^4(x^4-1)-4(x^4-1)=(x^4-1)(x^4-4)$
$=(x^2-1)(x^2+1)(x^2-2)(x^2+2)$
$=(x-1)(x+1)(x^2+1)(x-\sqrt{2})(x+\sqrt{2})(x^2+2)$
c.
$x^3+3x^2+3x-7=(x^3+3x^2+3x+1)-8$
$=(x+1)^3-2^3=(x+1-2)[(x+1)^2+2(x+1)+4]$
$=(x-1)(x^2+4x+7)$
a) \(3x^2+xy-4y^2=3x^2-3xy+4xy-4y^2\)
\(=3x(x-y)+4y(x-y)=(3x+4y)(x-y)\)
b)\(x^8-5x^4+4=x^8-x^4-4x^4+4\)
\(=x^2(x^4-1)-4(x^4-1)=(x^2-4)(x^4-1)\)
\(=(x-2)(x+2)(x^2-1)(x^2+1)=(x-2)(x+2)(x-1)(x+1)(x^2+1)\)
c)\(x^3+3x^2+3x-7=x^3+3x^2+3x+1-8\)
\(\left(x+1\right)^3-\sqrt{2}^3=\left(x+1-\sqrt[]{2}\right)\left(\left(x+1\right)^2+2\sqrt{2}x+2\right)\)
\(a,a^4+a^2+1\)
\(=\left(a^2\right)^2+2a^2+1-a^2\)
\(=\left(a^2+1\right)^2-a^2\)
\(=\left(a^2+1-a\right)\left(a^2+1+a\right)\)
\(---\)
\(b,a^4+a^2-2\)
\(=a^4-a^2+2a^2-2\)
\(=a^2\left(a^2-1\right)+2\left(a^2-1\right)\)
\(=\left(a^2-1\right)\left(a^2+2\right)\)
\(=\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)\left(a^2+2\right)\)
\(---\)
\(c,x^3-5x^2-14x\)
\(=x^3+2x^2-7x^2-14x\)
\(=x^2\left(x+2\right)-7x\left(x+2\right)\)
\(=\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2-7x\right)\)
\(=x\left(x+2\right)\left(x-7\right)\)
\(a.a^4+a^2+1\)
\(=\left(a^4+2a^2+1\right)-a^2\)
\(=\left(a^2+1\right)^2-a^2\)
\(=\left(a^2+1+a\right)\left(a^2+1-a\right)\)
\(b.a^4+a^2-2\)
\(=a^4+2a^2-a^2-2\)
\(=a^2\left(a^2+2\right)-\left(a^2-2\right)\)
\(=\left(a^2+2\right)\left(a^2-1\right)\)
\(=\left(a^2+2\right)\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)\)
\(c.x^3-5x^2-14x\)
\(=x^3+2x^2-7x^2-14\)
\(=x^3\left(x+2\right)-7x\left(x+2\right)\)
\(=\left(x^3-7x\right)\left(x+2\right)\)
\(=x\left(x-7x\right)\left(x+2\right)\)
Bài 2:
a: \(x^2+5x-6=\left(x+6\right)\left(x-1\right)\)
b: \(5x^2+5xy-x-y\)
\(=5x\left(x+y\right)-\left(x+y\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)\left(5x-1\right)\)
c:\(-6x^2+7x-2\)
\(=-6x^2+3x+4x-2\)
\(=-3x\left(2x-1\right)+2\left(2x-1\right)\)
\(=\left(2x-1\right)\left(-3x+2\right)\)
1.
a) \(=x^2\left(x^2+2x+1\right)=x^2\left(x+1\right)^2\)
b) \(=\left(x+y\right)^3-\left(x+y\right)=\left(x+y\right)\left[\left(x+y\right)^2-1\right]\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y-1\right)\left(x+y+1\right)\)
c) \(=5\left[\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)-4z^2\right]=5\left[\left(x-y\right)^2-4z^2\right]\)
\(=5\left(x-y-2z\right)\left(x-y+2z\right)\)
2.
a) \(=x\left(x+2\right)+3\left(x+2\right)=\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\)
b) \(=5x\left(x+y\right)-\left(x+y\right)=\left(x+y\right)\left(5x-1\right)\)
c) \(=-\left[3x\left(2x-1\right)-2\left(2x-1\right)\right]=-\left(2x-1\right)\left(3x-2\right)\)
3.
b) \(=2x\left(x-1\right)+5\left(x-1\right)=\left(x-1\right)\left(2x+5\right)\)
c) \(=-\left[5x\left(x-3\right)-1\left(x-3\right)\right]=-\left(x-3\right)\left(5x-1\right)\)
4.
a) \(\Rightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(5x-1\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=\dfrac{1}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) \(\Rightarrow2\left(x+5\right)-x\left(x+5\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+5\right)\left(2-x\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-5\\x=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) x3 - 1 + 5x2 - 5 + 3x - 3
= x3 + 5x2 + 3x - 9
= x3 + 6x2 - x2 + 9x - 6x - 9
= ( x3 + 6x2 + 9x ) - ( x2 + 6x + 9 )
= x( x2 + 6x + 9 ) - ( x2 + 6x + 9 )
= ( x2 + 6x + 9 )( x - 1 )
= ( x + 3 )2( x - 1 )
b) a5 + a4 + a3 + a2 + a + 1
= ( a5 + a4 + a3 ) + ( a2 + a + 1 )
= a3( a2 + a + 1 ) + 1( a2 + a + 1 )
= ( a2 + a + 1 )( a3 + 1 )
= ( a2 + a + 1 )( a + 1 )( a2 - a + 1 )
c) x3 - 3x2 + 3x - 1 - y3
= ( x3 - 3x2 + 3x - 1 ) - y3
= ( x - 1 )3 - y3
= ( x - 1 - y )[ ( x - 1 )2 + ( x - 1 )y + y2 ]
= ( x - 1 - y )( x2 - 2x + 1 + xy - y + y2 )
d) 5x3 - 3x2y - 45xy2 + 27y3
= ( 5x3 - 45xy2 ) - ( 3x2y - 27y3 )
= 5x( x2 - 9y2 ) - 3y( x2 - 9y2 )
= ( 5x - 3y )( x2 - 9y2 )
= ( 5x - 3y )[ x2 - ( 3y )2 ]
= ( 5x - 3y )( x - 3y )( x + 3y )