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x 4 - 2 x 3 - 2 x 2 - 2 x - 3 = ( x 4 − 1 ) − ( 2 x 3 + 2 x 2 ) − ( 2 x + 2 ) = ( x 2 + 1 ) ( x 2 − 1 ) − 2 x 2 ( x + 1 ) − 2 ( x + 1 ) = ( x 2 + 1 ) ( x − 1 ) ( x + 1 ) − 2 x 2 ( x + 1 ) − 2 ( x + 1 ) = ( x + 1 ) ( x 2 + 1 ) ( x − 1 ) − 2 x 2 – 2 = ( x + 1 ) ( x 2 + 1 ) ( x − 1 ) − 2 ( x 2 + 1 ) = ( x + 1 ) ( x 2 + 1 ) ( x – 1 − 2 ) = ( x + 1 ) ( x 2 + 1 ) ( x − 3 )
x^4 - 2x^3 - 2x^2 - 2x - 3
= x^4 - 1 - 2x^3 - 2x^2 - 2x -2
= ( x - 1 ) ( x + 1 ) ( x^2 + 1 ) - 2x^2 ( x + 1 ) - 2 ( x + 1 )
= ( x + 1 ) [ ( x - 1 ) ( x^2 + 1 ) - 2x^2 - 2 ]
= ( x + 1 ) [ ( x - 1 ) ( x^2 + 1 - 2 ( x^2 - 1 ) ]
= ( x + 1 ) [ ( x - 1 ) ( x^2 + 1 ) - 2 ( x - 1 ) ( x + 1 ) ]
= ( x + 1 ) ( x - 1 ) [ ( x^2 + 1 ) - 2 ( x +1 )
= ( x + 1 ) ( x - 1 ) ( x^2 +1 - 2x - 2 )
= ( x + 1 ) ( x - 1 ) ( x^2 - 2x - 1 )
d) x4 + 2x3 - 4x – 4 = (x4 – 4) + (2x3 – 4x) = (x2 – 2)(x2 + 2) + 2x(x2 – 2)
= (x2 – 2)(x2 + 2 + 2x) = (x - √2)( x + √2)( x2 + 2 + 2x)
e: \(x^4-2x^3+x^2\)
\(=x^2\cdot x^2-x^2\cdot2x+x^2\cdot1\)
\(=x^2\left(x^2-2x+1\right)\)
\(=x^2\left(x-1\right)^2\)
f: \(27y^3-x^3\)
\(=\left(3y\right)^3-x^3\)
\(=\left(3y-x\right)\left(9y^2+3xy+x^2\right)\)
\(=x\left(2x^2+3x-2\right)=x\left(2x^2+4x-x-2\right)=x\left[2x\left(x+2\right)-\left(x+2\right)\right]=x\left(2x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)\)
2x3 + 3x2 - 2x
= x ( 2x2 + 3x - 2 )
= x ( 2\(x^2\) + 4\(x-x-2\) )
= x [ ( 2\(x^2\) + 4x ) - ( x + 2 )]
= x [ 2x ( x + 2 ) - ( x + 2 )]
= x ( 2x - 1 ) ( x + 2 )
\(-2x^3+x^2+12\)
\(=-2x^3+4x^2-3x^2+6x-6x+12\)
\(=-2x^2\left(x-2\right)-3x\left(x-2\right)-6\left(x-2\right)\)
\(=\left(x-2\right)\left(-2x^2-3x-6\right)\)
\(8x^4+81\)
\(=8x^4+2\cdot2\sqrt{2}\cdot x^2\cdot9+81-36\sqrt{2}\cdot x^2\)
\(=\left(2\sqrt{2}x^2+9\right)^2-\left(6\sqrt[4]{2}\cdot x\right)^2\)
\(=\left(2\sqrt{2}\cdot x^2-6\sqrt[4]{2}\cdot x+9\right)\left(2\sqrt{2}\cdot x^2+6\sqrt[4]{2}\cdot x+9\right)\)
x⁴ - 2x³ + 2x - 1
= (x⁴ - 1) - (2x³ - 2x)
= (x² - 1)(x² + 1) - 2x(x² - 1)
= (x² - 1)(x² + 1 - 2x)
= (x - 1)(x + 1)(x² - 2x + 1)
= (x - 1)(x + 1)(x - 1)²
= (x - 1)³(x + 1)
Ta có:
\(\left(x^4+2x^3-x-2\right)+\left(4x^2+4x+4\right)\)
\(=\left[\left(x^4+2x^3\right)-\left(x+2\right)\right]+4\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)
\(=\left[x^3\left(x+2\right)-\left(x-2\right)\right]+4\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)+4\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+x+1\right)\left[\left(x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)+4\right]\)
\(=\left(x^2+x+1\right)\left(x^2+x+2\right)\)
\(x^4+2x^3-4x-4\)
\(=\left(x^2-2\right)\left(x^2+2\right)-2x\left(x^2-2\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2-2\right)\left(x^2-2x+2\right)\)