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2HgO -t--> 2Hg + O2
0,15-------------->0,75 (mol)
=> mO2 = 0,75 . 32 = 24 (g)
nCaCO3 = \(\dfrac{15}{100}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CaCO3 -> CaO + CO2
PT: 1 1 1 (mol)
ĐB: 0,15 0,15 0,15 (mol)
mCaO = 0,15.56 = 8,4 (g)
VCO2 = 0,15.22,4 = 3,36(l)
nHgO=2,17/217=0,01(mol)
nO2=0,112/22,4=0,005(mol)
PTHH: 2 Hg + O2 -to-> 2 HgO
Ta có: 0,01/2 = 0,005
=>P.ứ xảy ra hết.
=> nHg=nHgO=0,01(mol)
=>mHg=0,01.201=2,01(g)
2KMnO4-to>K2MnO4+MnO2+O2
0,3-----------------0,15-----0,15------0,15 mol
n KMnO4=\(\dfrac{47,4}{158}\)=0,3 mol
=>mcr=0,15.197.0,15.87=42,6g
=>VO2=0,15.22,4=3,36l
b) 4P+5O2-to>2P2O5
0,1--------------0,05
nP=\(\dfrac{3,1}{31}\)=0,1 mol
->O2 dư
=>m P2O5=0,05.142=7,1g
mKMnO4 = 47,4/158 = 0,3 (mol)
PTHH: 2KMnO4 -> (t°) K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
Mol: 0,3 ---> 0,15 ---> 0,15 ---> 0,15
m = 0,15 . 197 + 0,15 . 87 = 85,2 (g)
V = VO2 = 0,15 . 22,4 = 3,36 (l)
nP = 3,1/31 = 0,1 (mol)
PTHH: 4P + 5O2 -> (t°) 2P2O5
LTL: 0,1/4 < 0,15/5 => O2 dư
nP2O5 = 0,1/2 = 0,05 (mol)
mP2O5 = 0,05 . 142 = 7,1 (g)
Bài 1:
\(PTHH:2HgO\underrightarrow{Phân.hủy}2Hg+O_2\\ á,Theo.PTHH:n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{HgO}=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,1=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ V_{O_2\left(đktc\right)}=n.22,4=0,05.22,4=1,12\left(l\right)\)
\(b,n_{HgO}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{43,4}{217}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ Theo.PTHH:n_{Hg}=n_{HgO}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ m_{Hg}=n.M=0,2.201=40,2\left(g\right)\)
\(c,n_{Hg}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{14,07}{201}=0,07\left(mol\right)\\ Theo.PTHH:n_{HgO}=n_{Hg}=0,07\left(mol\right)\\ m_{HgO}=n.M=0,07.217=15,19\left(g\right)\)
Câu 2:
\(a,PTHH:Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ Theo.PTHH:n_{Zn}=n_{H_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ m_{Zn}=n.M=0,3.65=19,5\left(g\right)\\ b,Theo.PTHH:n_{HCl}=2.n_{Zn}=2.0,3=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ m_{HCl}=n.M=0,6.36,5=21,9\left(g\right)\)
a, PT: \(2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{t^o}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)
Ta có: \(n_{KMnO_4}=\dfrac{31,6}{158}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{K_2MnO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{KMnO_4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{K_2MnO_4}=0,1.197=19,7\left(g\right)\)
b, Theo PT: \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{KMnO_4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=0,1.24,79=2,479\left(l\right)\)
c, PT: \(CH_4+2O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}CO_2+2H_2O\)
Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{O_2}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2O}=n_{O_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{CO_2}=0,05.24,79=1,2395\left(l\right)\)
\(m_{H_2O}=0,1.18=1,8\left(g\right)\)
a) 2HgO → 2Hg +O\(_2\)
b) Theo PT ta có: n\(_{O_2}\)=\(\dfrac{1}{2}\)nHgO=\(\dfrac{1}{2}\).0,1=0,05(mol)⇒m\(_{O_2}\)=0,05.32=1,6(g)
c)nHgO=\(\dfrac{43,4}{217}\)=0,2(mol)
Theo Pt ta có:nHg=nHgO=0,2(mol)⇒mHg=0,2.201=40,2(g)
a, PTHH:2HgO--->2Hg+O2
b, Theo pt: nO2=\(\dfrac{1}{2}.nHgO=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,1=0,05\) mol
=> mO2= 0,05.32= 1,6 (g)
c, nHgO=\(\dfrac{43,4}{217}=0,2\) mol
Theo pt: nHg=nHgO=0,2 mol
=> mHg= 0,2.201= 40,2 (g)
\(Đặt:m_{Al_2O_3}=g\left(g\right)\Rightarrow m_{CaCO_3}+m_{MgCO_3}=8g\left(g\right)\\ PTHH:CaCO_3\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)CaO+CO_2\\ MgCO_3\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)CO_2+MgO\\ Đặt:n_{CaCO_3}=a\left(mol\right);n_{MgCO_3}=b\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}100a+84b=8g\\56a+40b+g=60\%.9g=5,4g\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{31}{440}g\\b=\dfrac{1}{88}g\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{g}{9g}.100\%=11,111\%\)
\(\%m_{MgCO_3}=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{88}g.84}{9g}.100\%\approx10,606\%\\ \%m_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{\dfrac{31}{440}g.100}{9g}.100\approx78,283\%\)
\(b,\%m_{\dfrac{Al_2O_3}{A}}=\dfrac{g}{\dfrac{1}{88}.40g+\dfrac{31}{440}.56g+g}.100\approx18,5185\%\\ \%m_{\dfrac{MgO}{A}}=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{88}.40g}{\dfrac{1}{88}.40g+\dfrac{31}{440}.56g+g}.100\approx8,4175\%\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al_2O_3}=18,5185\%.2=0,37037\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{0,37037}{102}\left(mol\right)\\ m_{MgO}=8,4175\%.2=0,16835\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{MgO}=\dfrac{0,16835}{40}\left(mol\right)\\ m_{CaO}=2-\left(0,37037+0,16835\right)=1,46128\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{CaO}=\dfrac{1,46128}{56}\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:Al_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2O\\ CaO+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O\\ MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O\\ n_{HCl}=2.\left(\dfrac{1,46128}{56}+\dfrac{0,16835}{40}\right)+6.\dfrac{0,37037}{102}\approx0,0824\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}\approx\dfrac{0,0824}{0,5}\approx0,1648\left(lít\right)\approx164,8\left(ml\right)\)
\(1.a.CaCO_3.t^o\rightarrow CaO+CO_2\\ b.m_{CaCO_3}=m_{CaO}+m_{CO_2}\\ \Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=m_{CaCO_3}-m_{CaO}=20-11,2=8,8\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{HgO}=\dfrac{43,4}{217}=0,2mol\)
2HgO \(\underrightarrow{t^o}\) 2Hg + O2
0,2 0,2 ( mol )
\(m_{Hg}=0,2.201=40,2g\)