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Ta có : \(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\right)}{\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}}< \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n}}=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{n}}\) ⇒ \(2\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)< \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}\left(1\right)\)
\(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}\right)\left(\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}\right)}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n-1}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n-1}}>\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n}}=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{n}}\) ⇒ \(2\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)>\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}\left(2\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1;2\right)\text{⇒ }đpcm\)
nè
ta có :
\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{100}}\)
\(=\dfrac{2}{2\sqrt{1}}+\dfrac{2}{2\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{2}{2\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{2}{2\sqrt{100}}\)
\(>\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}+...+\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{100}+\sqrt{101}}\)
\(=2\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{100}+\sqrt{101}}\right)\)
\(=2\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{1}-\sqrt{2}}{1-2}+\dfrac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}}{2-3}+\dfrac{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}{3-4}+...+\dfrac{\sqrt{100}-\sqrt{101}}{100-101}\right)\)
\(=2\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{1}-\sqrt{101}}{-1}\right)=2\left(\sqrt{101}-\sqrt{1}\right)=18,1\)
\(>18\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{100}}>18\)
Đặt A=\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{4}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{100}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\dfrac{2}{2\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{2}{2\sqrt{3}}+....+\dfrac{2}{2\sqrt{100}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{3}}+....+\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{99}+\sqrt{99}}+\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{100}+\sqrt{100}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=2\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{99}+\sqrt{99}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{100}+\sqrt{100}}\right)\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}}< \dfrac{1}{1+\sqrt{2}};\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{3}}< \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}\)
Tường tự, ta có:
\(\dfrac{A}{2}< \dfrac{1}{1+\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{99}+\sqrt{100}}\)
\(A< 2\left(\dfrac{1-\sqrt{2}}{-1}+\dfrac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}}{-1}+\dfrac{\sqrt{99}-\sqrt{100}}{-1}\right)\)
\(A< -2\left(1-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}+...-\sqrt{99}+\sqrt{99}-\sqrt{100}\right)\)
\(A< -2\left(1-\sqrt{100}\right)\)
\(A< 18\)
Vậy\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{4}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{100}}< 18\)
Xét dạng tổng quát:
\(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}=\frac{\sqrt{n}}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\sqrt{n}.\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}\right)\)
\(=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)=\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(1+\frac{\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
\(< \left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(1+\frac{\sqrt{n+1}}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)=2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
Áp dụng vào bài toán:
\(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{4\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{2005\sqrt{2004}}\)
\(< 2\left(1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\right)+2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{4}}\right)+...+\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2003}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2004}}\right)\)
\(< 2\left(1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{4}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2003}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2004}}\right)\)
\(< 2\left(1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2004}}\right)\)
\(< 2-\frac{2}{\sqrt{2004}}< 2\)
=>đpcm
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}=\dfrac{2}{2\sqrt{n}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}< \dfrac{2}{\sqrt{n-1}+\sqrt{n}}=2\left(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}\right)\\\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}>\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}}=2\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Thế vô giải tiếp