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a)Vì 4 chia 3 dư 1
=>4^2018 chia 3 dư 1^2018=1
=>462018-1 chia hết cho 3
b)Ta có:
5^2019=(5^2)^1009*5
=25^1009*5
=...25*5
=...25
=>5^2019-1=...24
Vì 2 cs tận cùng của ...24 là 24 chia hết cho 4
=>5^2019-1 chia hết cho 4
Vậy......
Ta có:
\(4^{2018}-1=4^{2018}-4^{2017}+4^{2017}-4^{2016}+4^{2016}-4^{2015}+...+4-1\)
\(=4^{2017}\left(4-1\right)+4^{2016}\left(4-1\right)+4^{2015}\left(4-1\right)+...+1.\left(4-1\right)\)
\(=\left(4-1\right)\left(4^{2017}+4^{2016}+4^{2015}+...+1\right)=3\left(4^{2017}+4^{2016}+4^{2015}+...+1\right)⋮3\)
Vậy \(4^{2018}-1⋮3\)
Chứng minh tương tự \(5^{2019}-1⋮4\)
a, Ta có: \(4\equiv1\left(mod3\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow4^{2018}\equiv1\left(mod3\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow4^{2018}-1⋮3\)
b, Ta có: \(5\equiv1\left(mod4\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow5^{2019}\equiv1\left(mod4\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow5^{2019}-1⋮4\)
c, \(4\equiv-1\left(mod5\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow4^{2019}\equiv-1\left(mod5\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow4^{2019}+1⋮5\)
d, \(5\equiv-1\left(mod6\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow5^{2017}\equiv-1\left(mod6\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow5^{2017}+1⋮6\)
1. Vì \(4\) chia \(3\) dư \(1\)
\(\Rightarrow4^{2018}\) chia \(3\) dư \(1^{2018}=1.\)
\(\Rightarrow4^{2018}-1\) chia hết cho \(3.\)
Lời giải:
$D=\frac{1}{4}+\frac{2}{4^2}+\frac{3}{4^3}+......+\frac{2018}{4^{2018}}+\frac{2019}{4^{2019}}$
$4D=1+\frac{2}{4}+\frac{3}{4^2}+....+\frac{2018}{4^{2017}}+\frac{2019}{4^{2018}}$
Trừ theo vế:
\(3D=1+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{4^3}+....+\frac{1}{4^{2018}}-\frac{2019}{4^{2019}}\)
\(\Rightarrow 12D=4+1+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4^2}+....+\frac{1}{4^{2017}}-\frac{2019}{4^{2018}}\)
Trừ theo vế:
$9D=4-\frac{2019}{4^{2018}}+\frac{2019}{4^{2019}}-\frac{1}{4^{2018}}$
$=4-\frac{6061}{4^{2019}}< 4$
$\Rightarrow D< \frac{4}{9}<\frac{4}{8}$ hay $D< \frac{1}{2}$ (đpcm)