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Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy, ta có:
\(VT\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{x^2.y^2.z^2}{\left(1+x\right)\left(1+y\right)\left(1+z\right)}}=3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{1}{\left(1+x\right)\left(1+y\right)\left(1+z\right)}}\)
Ta có: xyz=1 và x,y,z >0
\(\Rightarrow x\le1\Rightarrow x+1\le2\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{x+1}\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Tương tự \(\dfrac{1}{y+1}\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{z+1}\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{1}{x+1}.\dfrac{1}{y+1}.\dfrac{1}{z+1}}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x=y=z=1
\(BĐT\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{y^3}+\dfrac{y}{z^3}+\dfrac{z}{x^3}\ge x+y+z\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{1}{x}\\b=\dfrac{1}{y}\\c=\dfrac{1}{z}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow abc\ge1\)
\(BĐT\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^3}{b}+\dfrac{b^3}{c}+\dfrac{c^3}{a}\ge\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\)
\(VT=\dfrac{a^4}{ab}+\dfrac{b^4}{bc}+\dfrac{c^4}{ac}\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{ab+bc+ac}=\dfrac{\left(ab+bc+ac\right)^2}{ab+bc+ac}=ab+bc+ac\)
Ta có \(abc\ge1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}bc\ge\dfrac{1}{a}\\ab\ge\dfrac{1}{c}\\ac\ge\dfrac{1}{b}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow bc+ac+ab\ge\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^3}{b}+\dfrac{b^3}{c}+\dfrac{c^3}{a}\ge\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x\left(1-y^3\right)}{y^3}+\dfrac{y\left(1-z^3\right)}{z^3}+\dfrac{z\left(1-x^3\right)}{x^3}\ge0\)
Đặt cái ban đầu là P
Ta có: \(xy+yz+zx=xyz\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=1\)
Ta lại có:
\(\dfrac{xy}{z^3\left(1+x\right)\left(1+y\right)}+\dfrac{1+x}{64x}+\dfrac{1+y}{64y}\ge\dfrac{3}{16z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{xy}{z^3\left(1+x\right)\left(1+y\right)}\ge\dfrac{3}{16z}-\dfrac{1}{32}-\dfrac{1}{64x}-\dfrac{1}{64y}\left(1\right)\)
Tương tự ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{yz}{x^3\left(1+y\right)\left(1+z\right)}\ge\dfrac{3}{16x}-\dfrac{1}{32}-\dfrac{1}{64y}-\dfrac{1}{64z}\left(2\right)\\\dfrac{zx}{y^3\left(1+z\right)\left(1+x\right)}\ge\dfrac{3}{16y}-\dfrac{1}{32}-\dfrac{1}{64z}-\dfrac{1}{64x}\left(3\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Từ (1), (2), (3) ta có:
\(P\ge\dfrac{3}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)-\dfrac{1}{32}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)-\dfrac{3}{32}\)
\(=\dfrac{3}{16}-\dfrac{1}{32}-\dfrac{3}{32}=\dfrac{1}{16}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=3\)
Áp dụng Bđt Cosi
\(xy+yz+zx\le\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}=\frac{1}{3}\)
Ta có:
\(\frac{2}{xy+yz+zx}+\frac{2}{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}+\frac{2}{x^2+y^2+z^2}\ge\frac{2}{\frac{1}{3}}+\frac{8}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}\ge14\) (Đpcm)
Dấu "=" khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)
Ta có \(x^3+y^3\ge xy\left(x+y\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow1+x^3+y^3\ge xyz+xy\left(x+y+z\right)=xy\left(x+y+z\right)\)
Tương tự ta có
\(VT\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{xy\left(x+y+z\right)}}{xy}+\dfrac{\sqrt{yz\left(x+y+z\right)}}{yz}+\dfrac{\sqrt{zx\left(x+y+z\right)}}{zx}\)
\(=\sqrt{x+y+z}\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{zx}}\right)\)
\(=\sqrt{x+y+z}.\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}{\sqrt{xyz}}\)
\(\ge\sqrt{3\sqrt[3]{xyz}}.\dfrac{3\sqrt[6]{xyz}}{1}=3\sqrt{3}\)
\("="\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(\text{VT}=\frac{x^2}{y}+\frac{y^2}{z}+\frac{z^2}{x}=\frac{\left(\frac{x}{y}\right)^2}{\frac{1}{y}}+\frac{\left(\frac{y}{z}\right)^2}{\frac{1}{z}}+\frac{\left(\frac{z}{x}\right)^2}{\frac{1}{x}}\geq \frac{\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{x}\right)^2}{\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}}\)
Giờ ta cần chỉ ra \(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{x}\geq \frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\)
Thật vậy, do $xyz=1$ nên tồn tại các số dương \(a,b,c\) sao cho:
\((x,y,z)=\left(\frac{a}{b};\frac{b}{c};\frac{c}{a}\right)\)
Bài toán tương đương với
\(\frac{ab}{c^2}+\frac{bc}{a^2}+\frac{ca}{b^2}\geq \frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\Leftrightarrow (ab)^3+(bc)^3+(ca)^3\geq a^3bc^2+b^3ca^2+c^3ab^2\)
Áp dụng BĐT Am-Gm ta có:
\((ab)^3+(ab)^3+(bc)^3\geq 3b^3ca^2\)
Thực hiện tương tự và cộng theo vế, suy ra:
\(3[(ab)^3+(bc)^3+(ca)^3]\geq 3(a^3bc^2+b^3ca^2+c^3ab^2)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (ab)^3+(bc)^3+(ca)^3\geq a^3bc^2+b^3ca^2+c^3ab^2\)
Do đó ta có đpcm.
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)
\(VT=\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{x}=\frac{x^2}{xy}+\frac{y^2}{yz}+\frac{z^2}{zx}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{xy+yz+zx}=\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2-3}\)
Do đó ta chỉ cần chứng minh:
\(\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2-3}\ge\frac{9}{x+y+z}\)
Đặt \(x+y+z=t>\sqrt{3}\) ta cần chứng minh:
\(\frac{2t^2}{t^2-3}\ge\frac{9}{t}\Leftrightarrow2t^3\ge9t^2-27\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2t^3-9t^2+27\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(t-3\right)^2\left(2t+3\right)\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(t=3\) hay \(x=y=z=1\)