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Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Schwarz: \(NL=\left(a+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)^2+\left(b+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)^2\ge\dfrac{\left(a+\dfrac{1}{a}+b+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)^2}{2}=\dfrac{\left(1+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)^2}{2}\) Bất đẳng thức phụ: \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\) ta có: \(NL\ge\dfrac{\left(1+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)^2}{2}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+\dfrac{4}{a+b}\right)^2}{2}=\dfrac{\left(1+4\right)^2}{2}=\dfrac{25}{2}\)Dấu "=" khi \(a=b=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\geq \frac{9}{a+b+b+c+c+a}=\frac{9}{2(a+b+c)}\)
\(\Rightarrow \text{VT}\geq \frac{9(a^2+b^2+c^2)}{2(a+b+c)}\) \((1)\)
Theo hệ quả của BĐT Am-Gm: \(a^2+b^2+c^2\geq ab+bc+ac\)
\(\Rightarrow 3(a^2+b^2+c^2)\geq (a+b+c)^2\) \((2)\)
Từ \((1),(2)\Rightarrow \text{VT}\geq \frac{3}{2}(a+b+c)\) (đpcm)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
2a)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức \(\dfrac{1}{a+b}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\forall a,b>0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{2a+b+c}=\dfrac{1}{a+b+a+c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)\\\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}=\dfrac{1}{a+b+b+c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)\\\dfrac{1}{a+b+2c}=\dfrac{1}{a+c+b+c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b}\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{1}{4\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4\left(b+c\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(c+a\right)}\)
Chứng minh rằng \(\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(c+a\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức \(\dfrac{1}{a+b}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\forall a,b>0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{a+b}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\\\dfrac{1}{b+c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\\\dfrac{1}{c+a}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{2}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\) ( đpcm )
Vì \(\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(c+a\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
Mà \(VT\le\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(c+a\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2a+b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b+2c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)( đpcm )
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
2b)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1+a^2\ge2\sqrt{a^2}=2a\\1+b^2\ge2\sqrt{b^2}=2b\\1+c^2\ge2\sqrt{c^2}=2c\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a}{1+a^2}\le\dfrac{a}{2a}=\dfrac{1}{2}\\\dfrac{b}{1+b^2}\le\dfrac{b}{2b}=\dfrac{1}{2}\\\dfrac{c}{1+c^2}\le\dfrac{c}{2c}=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{1+a^2}+\dfrac{b}{1+b^2}+\dfrac{c}{1+c^2}\le\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\) ( đpcm )
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Bài 1)
Nháp : nhìn nhanh ta thấy nên áp dụng BĐT \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\)
Giải
Vì x,y > 0 =) 2x + y > 0 , x + 2y > 0
Áp dụng BĐT cauchy dạng phân thức cho hai bộ số không âm \(\dfrac{1}{2x+y}\)và\(\dfrac{1}{x+2y}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{x+2y}+\dfrac{1}{2x+y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+2y+2x+y}=\dfrac{4}{3\left(x+y\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(3x+3y\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2x+y}+\dfrac{1}{x+2y}\right)\ge\left(3x+3y\right).\dfrac{4}{3\left(x+y\right)}=4\)
Dấu '' = "xảy ra khi và chỉ khi x + 2y = y + 2x (=) x=y
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b\left(a+b\right)}{ab\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{a\left(a+b\right)}{ab\left(a+b\right)}\ge\dfrac{4ab}{ab\left(a+b\right)}\)
Vì \(a,b>0\Rightarrow ab>0;a+b>0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow b\left(a+b\right)+a\left(a+b\right)\ge4ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+b^2+a^2+ab\ge4ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2\ge4ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2-4ab\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)
Bất đằng thức này đúng \(\forall a,b>0\).
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b\).
Bài 1:
\(\dfrac{ab}{c}+\dfrac{bc}{a}+\dfrac{ac}{b}\ge a+b+c\) với a,b,c > 0
Áp dụng BĐT Chauchy cho 2 số không âm, ta có:
\(\dfrac{bc}{a}+\dfrac{ac}{b}=c\left(\dfrac{b}{a}+\dfrac{a}{b}\right)\ge c\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{a}.\dfrac{a}{b}}=2c\)
\(\dfrac{ac}{b}+\dfrac{ab}{c}=a\left(\dfrac{c}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}\right)\ge a\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{b}.\dfrac{b}{c}}=2a\)
\(\dfrac{ab}{c}+\dfrac{bc}{a}=b\left(\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)\ge b\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{c}.\dfrac{c}{a}}=2b\)
Cộng vế theo vế ta được:
\(2\left(\dfrac{ab}{c}+\dfrac{bc}{a}+\dfrac{ac}{b}\right)\ge2\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{ab}{c}+\dfrac{bc}{a}+\dfrac{ac}{b}\ge a+b+c\)
a) Ta có: \(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)
=>\(a^2+b^2-2ab\ge0\left(đpcm\right)\)
b) \(\left(a+b\right)^2\ge0\)
=> \(a^2+b^2+2ab\ge0\)
<=> \(a^2+b^2\ge-2ab\)
<=> \(\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}\ge ab\) (đpcm)
c) ta có: \(\left(a+1\right)^2=a^2+2a+1\)
\(a\left(a+2\right)=a^2+2a\)
Vậy từ 2 điều trên => \(a\left(a+2\right)< \left(a+1\right)^2\)
d) \(m^2+n^2+2\ge2\left(m+n\right)\) (*)
<=>m2 - 2m +1 +n2 - 2n +1 \(\ge0\)
<=> \(\left(m-1\right)^2+\left(n-1\right)^2\ge0\) (1)
(1) đúng => (*) đúng
d) Bạn ấy giải rồi ,mình không giải nữa
e) Theo BĐT cauchy ta có: \(\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}\ge ab\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{ab}\ge2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\ge2\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{b}{a}+1\right)\ge4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{b}+\dfrac{a+b}{a}\ge4\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)\ge4\) (đpcm)
Vậy..........
3) Biến đổi tương đương:
\(8\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\ge\left(a+b\right)^3+\left(b+c\right)^3+\left(a+c\right)^3\) (1)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^3+b^3\right)+\left(b^3+c^3\right)+\left(a^3+c^3\right)+6\left(a^3+c^3+b^3\right)\)
\(\ge\left(a^3+b^3\right)+\left(b^3+c^3\right)+\left(a^3+c^3\right)+3ab\left(a+b\right)+3bc\left(b+c\right)+3ac\left(a+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\ge ab\left(a+b\right)+bc\left(b+c\right)+ac\left(a+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[a^3+b^3-ab\left(a+b\right)\right]+\left[a^3+c^3-ac\left(a+c\right)\right]+\left[b^3+c^3-bc\left(b+c\right)\right]\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a+c\right)\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b+c\right)\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0\) luôn đúng do a, b, c > 0
=> (1) đúng
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a = b = c
4) Ta có: a+b>c ; b+c>a; a+c>b
Xét \(\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}>\dfrac{1}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c+a}=\dfrac{2}{a+b+c}>\dfrac{2}{a+b+a+b}=\dfrac{1}{a+b}\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}>\dfrac{1}{b+c}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}>\dfrac{1}{a+c}\)
Vậy suy ra được điều phải chứng minh
\(\dfrac{1}{ab}\ge\dfrac{4}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4ab\ge\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4ab\ge a^2+2ab+b^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow0\ge a^2+2ab+b^2-4ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow0\ge a^2-2ab+b^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow0\ge\left(a-b\right)^2\)
Biểu thức này đúng \(\forall a,b< 0\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b\)