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Câu 1:
Ta có: \(\left(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\right)^2\ge ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2^2}-ab\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2+2ab+b^2-4ab}{4}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2-2ab+b^2}{4}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{4}\ge0\)
Vì \(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\forall a,b\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{4}\ge0\forall a,b\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\right)^2\ge ab\) (1)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}\ge\left(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}-\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2a^2-2b^2-a^2-2ab-b^2}{4}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2-2ab-b^2}{4}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{4}\ge0\)
Vì \(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\forall a,b\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{4}\ge0\forall a,b\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}\ge\left(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\right)^2\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow ab\le\left(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\right)^2\le\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}\)
5 , a3+b3+c3\(\ge\) 3abc
\(\Leftrightarrow\) a3+3a2b+3ab2+b3+c3-3a2b-3ab2-3abc\(\ge\) 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) (a+b)3+c3-3ab(a+b+c) \(\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) (a+b+c)(a2+2ab+b2-ac-bc+c2)-3ab(a+b+c) \(\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) (a+b+c)(a2+b2+c2-ab-bc-ca)\(\ge0\) (1)
ta co : a,b,c>0 \(\Rightarrow\)a+b+c>0 (2)
(a-b)2+(b-c)2+(c-a)2\(\ge0\)
<=> 2a2+2b2+2c2-2ac-2cb-2ab\(\ge0\)
<=>a2+b2+c2-ab-bc-ac\(\ge\) 0 (3)
Từ (1)(2)(3)=> pt luôn đúng
a) \(\dfrac{1}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(c-a\right)\left(a-b\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{c-a+a-b+b-c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}=0\)
b) \(\dfrac{\left(a^2-\left(b+c\right)^2\right)\left(a+b-c\right)}{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+c^2-2ac-b^2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a-b-c\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a+b-c\right)}{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\left(a-c\right)^2-b^2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a-c-b\right)\left(a-c+b\right)}{\left(a-c-b\right)\left(a-c+b\right)}=1\)
c) \(\dfrac{x-1}{x^3}-\dfrac{x+1}{x^3-x^2}+\dfrac{3}{x^3-2x^2+x}\)
\(=\dfrac{x-1}{x^3}-\dfrac{x+1}{x^2\left(x-1\right)}+\dfrac{3}{x\left(x-1\right)^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x-1\right)^3-x\left(x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)+3x^2}{x^3\left(x-1\right)^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^3-3x^2+3x-1-x^3+x+3x^2}{x^3\left(x-1\right)^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{4x-1}{x^3\left(x-1\right)^2}\)
d) \(\left(\dfrac{x^2-y^2}{xy}-\dfrac{1}{x+y}\left(\dfrac{x^2}{y}-\dfrac{y^2}{x}\right)\right):\dfrac{x-y}{x}\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)}{xy}-\dfrac{1}{x+y}.\dfrac{x^3-y^3}{xy}\right):\dfrac{x-y}{x}\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)}{xy}-\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)}{xy\left(x+y\right)}\right):\dfrac{x-y}{x}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+2xy+y^2-x^2-xy-y^2\right)}{xy\left(x+y\right)}.\dfrac{x}{x-y}\)
\(=\dfrac{x}{x+y}\)
1)\(\dfrac{c-b}{\left(a-b\right)\left(c-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\dfrac{a-c}{\left(b-a\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\dfrac{b-a}{\left(b-a\right)\left(c-b\right)\left(c-a\right)}=\dfrac{c-b+a-c+b-c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}=0\)
minh giai phan d, nha bn :
x-a/b+c + x-b/c+a + x-c/a+b=3
=> (x-a/b+c - 1)+(x-b/a+c - 1 )+(x-c/a+b - 1) = 3-3=0
=>x-a-b-c/b+c + x-a-b-c/a+c + x-a-b-c/a+b =0
=>(x-a-b-c)(1/b+c + 1/a+c + 1/a+b )=0
Vi 1/b+c + 1/a+c + 1/a+b luon lon hon 0=>x-a-b-c=0
=>x=a+b+c
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge\left(a^3\cdot\dfrac{1}{a}+b^3\cdot\dfrac{1}{b}+c^3\cdot\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2\)
Cần chỉ ra \(\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge a+b+c\left(a,b,c>0\right)\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Cauchy-Schwarz 2 bộ (left(sqrt{a^3};sqrt{b^3};sqrt{c^3} ight);left(sqrt{dfrac{1}{a}};sqrt{dfrac{1}{b}};sqrt{dfrac{1}{c}} ight))
(left(a^3+b^3+c^2 ight)left(dfrac{1}{a}+dfrac{1}{b}+dfrac{1}{c} ight)geleft(sqrt{dfrac{a^3.1}{a}}+sqrt{dfrac{b^3.1}{b}}+sqrt{dfrac{c^3.1}{c}} ight)^2)
(Leftrightarrowleft(a^3+b^3+c^2 ight)left(dfrac{1}{a}+dfrac{1}{b}+dfrac{1}{c} ight)geleft(a^2+b^2+c^2 ight)^2)
Bđt cần c/m tương đương với :
(left(a^2+b^2+c^2 ight)^2geleft(a+b+c ight)^2)
(Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2ge a+b+c) ( vì a,b,c > 0 )
Phản đề :
Xét bộ (left(a;b;c ight)=left(dfrac{1}{4};dfrac{1}{4};dfrac{1}{4} ight))
(Leftrightarrowdfrac{3}{16}gedfrac{3}{4}left(sai ight))
Vậy bđt cần cm không tồn tại với a , b , c > 0
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\geq \frac{9}{a+b+b+c+c+a}=\frac{9}{2(a+b+c)}\)
\(\Rightarrow \text{VT}\geq \frac{9(a^2+b^2+c^2)}{2(a+b+c)}\) \((1)\)
Theo hệ quả của BĐT Am-Gm: \(a^2+b^2+c^2\geq ab+bc+ac\)
\(\Rightarrow 3(a^2+b^2+c^2)\geq (a+b+c)^2\) \((2)\)
Từ \((1),(2)\Rightarrow \text{VT}\geq \frac{3}{2}(a+b+c)\) (đpcm)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)