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Áp dụng bđt bunhiacopxki \(\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge\left(ax+by\right)^2\)
dấu "=" xảy ra \(< =>ay=bx< =>\frac{a}{x}=\frac{b}{y}\)
Ta có: \(\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)=\left(ax+by\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2x^2+a^2y^2+b^2x^2+b^2y^2=a^2x^2+b^2y^2+2axby\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2y^2-2axby+b^2x^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ay-bx\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ay=bx\)
hay \(\dfrac{a}{x}=\dfrac{b}{y}\)
Ta có : \(\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)=\left(ax+by\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2x^2+a^2y^2+b^2x^2+b^2y^2=a^2x^2+2abxy+b^2y^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2y^2-2abxy+b^2x^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ay-bx\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ay-bx=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ay=bx\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{x}{y}\)
Bài 1:
Ta có:
\(2\left(a^2+b^2\right)=\left(a-b\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2\right)-\left(a-b\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow2a^2+2b^2-\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow2a^2+2b^2-a^2+2ab-b^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b=0\)
Vì hai số đối nhau là hai số có tổng bằng 0
Vậy a và b là hai số đối nhau
Bài 2:
Ta có:
\(a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ac\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2=2ab+2bc+2ac\)
\(\Rightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ac=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(a^2-2ac+c^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2=0\)
Vì \(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\) với mọi a và b
\(\left(a-c\right)^2\ge0\) với mọi a và c
\(\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0\) với mọi b và c
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0\) với mọi a, b, c
Mà \(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(a-b\right)^2=0\\\left(a-c\right)^2=0\\\left(b-c\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=0\\a-c=0\\b-c=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=b\\a=c\\b=c\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy a = b = c
Bài 3:
Sửa đề:
\(\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)=\left(ax+by\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2x^2+a^2y^2+b^2x^2+b^2y^2=a^2x^2+b^2y^2+2axby\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2y^2+b^2x^2=2axby\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2y^2-2axby+b^2x^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(ay-bx\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow ay-bx=0\)
\(\Rightarrow ay=bx\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{x}=\dfrac{b}{y}\)
Ta có: \(x^2-y+\frac{1}{4}=y^2-x+\frac{1}{4}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x^2-x+\frac{1}{4}\right)+\left(y^2-y+\frac{1}{4}\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(y-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x-\frac{1}{2}=0\\y-\frac{1}{2}=0\end{cases}\Rightarrow}x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)
Vậy \(x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)=\left(ax+by\right)^2\)
\(=>a^2\left(x^2+y^2\right)+b^2\left(x^2+y^2\right)=\left(ax\right)^2+2axby+\left(by\right)^2\)
\(=>a^2x^2+a^2y^2+b^2x^2+b^2y^2-a^2x^2-2axby-b^2y^2=0\)
\(=>a^2y^2+b^2x^2-2axby=0=>\left(ay-bx\right)^2=0\)
=>ax-by=0=>ax=by
Vậy .....................
2) b)
Xét hiệu :
\(100^2+103^2+105^2+94^2-\left(101^2+98^2+96^2+107^2\right)\)
\(=100^2+103^2+105^2+94^2-101^2-98^2-96^2-107^2\)
\(=\left(100^2-98^2\right)+\left(103^2-101^2\right)-\left(107^2-105^2\right)-\left(96^2-94^2\right)\)
\(=\left(100-98\right)\left(100+98\right)+\left(103-101\right)\left(103+1\right)-\left(107-105\right)\left(107+105\right)\)\(-\left(96-94\right)\left(96+94\right)\)
\(=2.198+2.204-2.212-2.190=2\left(198+204-212-190\right)=2.0=0\)
Vậy 1002+1032+1052+942=1012+982+962+1072