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bai 1
\(A=\left(\dfrac{1}{2}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{3}-1\right).....\left(\dfrac{1}{10}-1\right)\)
\(A=\left(\dfrac{1-2}{2}\right)\left(\dfrac{1-3}{3}\right).....\left(\dfrac{1-9}{10}\right)\)
\(A=-\left(\dfrac{1.2.3.....8.9}{2.3....9.10}\right)=-\dfrac{1}{10}>-\dfrac{1}{9}\)
1)\(B=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot\dfrac{2}{3}\cdot\dfrac{3}{4}\cdot...\cdot\dfrac{2017}{2018}\)
\(B=\dfrac{1}{2018}\)
2)a)\(x^2-2x-15=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2x+1-16=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2-16=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-5\right)\left(x+3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=5\\x=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)
3)\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{d}{c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}=\dfrac{d^2}{c^2}=\dfrac{a}{b}\cdot\dfrac{d}{c}=\dfrac{ad}{bc}\)
Lại có:\(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}=\dfrac{d^2}{c^2}=\dfrac{a^2+d^2}{b^2+c^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2+d^2}{b^2+c^2}=\dfrac{ad}{bc}\)
4)Ta có:\(g\left(x\right)=-x^{101}+x^{100}-x^{99}+...+x^2-x+1\)
\(g\left(x\right)=-x^{101}+\left(x^{100}-x^{99}+...+x^2-x+1\right)\)
\(g\left(x\right)=-x^{101}+f\left(x\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)-g\left(x\right)=f\left(x\right)+x^{101}-f\left(x\right)=x^{101}\)
Tại x=0 thì f(x)-g(x)=0
Tại x=1 thì f(x)-g(x)=1
Lời giải:
a) \(A=\left(\frac{1}{2}-1\right)\left(\frac{1}{3}-1\right)...\left(\frac{1}{n-1}-1\right)\left(\frac{1}{n}-1\right)\)
\(=\frac{1-2}{2}.\frac{1-3}{3}.\frac{1-4}{4}...\frac{-(n-2)}{n-1}.\frac{-(n-1)}{n}\)
\(=\frac{(-1)(-2)(-3)...[-(n-2)][-(n-1)]}{2.3.4...(n-1)n}\)
\(=\frac{(-1)^{n-1}(1.2.3....(n-2)(n-1))}{2.3.4...(n-1)n}=(-1)^{n-1}.\frac{1}{n}\)
b) \(B=\left(\frac{1}{2^2}-1\right)\left(\frac{1}{3^2}-1\right)...\left(\frac{1}{n^2}-1\right)\)
\(=\frac{1-2^2}{2^2}.\frac{1-3^2}{3^2}.....\frac{1-n^2}{n^2}\)
\(=\frac{(-1)(2^2-1)}{2^2}.\frac{(-1)(3^2-1)}{3^2}....\frac{(-1)(n^2-1)}{n^2}\)
\(=(-1)^{n-1}.\frac{(2^2-1)(3^2-1)...(n^2-1)}{2^2.3^2....n^2}\)
\(=(-1)^{n-1}.\frac{(2-1)(2+1)(3-1)(3+1)...(n-1)(n+1)}{2^2.3^2....n^2}\)
\(=(-1)^{n-1}.\frac{(2-1)(3-1)...(n-1)}{2.3...n}.\frac{(2+1)(3+1)...(n+1)}{2.3...n}\)
\(=(-1)^{n-1}.\frac{1.2.3...(n-1)}{2.3...n}.\frac{3.4...(n+1)}{2.3.4...n}\)
\(=(-1)^{n-1}.\frac{1}{n}.\frac{n+1}{2}=(-1)^{n-1}.\frac{n+1}{2n}\)
Lời giải:
Ta có:
\(\frac{b-c}{(a-b)(a-c)}+\frac{c-a}{(b-a)(b-c)}+\frac{a-b}{(c-a)(c-b)}=2013\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{-(b-c)^2}{(a-b)(b-c)(c-a)}+\frac{-(c-a)^2}{(a-b)(b-c)(c-a)}+\frac{-(a-b)^2}{(a-b)(b-c)(c-a)}=2013\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{-[(a-b)^2+(b-c)^2+(c-a)^2]}{(a-b)(b-c)(c-a)}=2013\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{2(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac)}{(a-b)(b-c)(c-a)}=-2013(*)\)
Lại có:
\(P=\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{c-a}\)
\(=\frac{(b-c)(c-a)+(c-a)(a-b)+(a-b)(b-c)}{(a-b)(b-c)(c-a)}\)
\(=\frac{bc-ba-c^2+ca+ca-bc-a^2+ab+ab-ac-b^2+bc}{(a-b)(b-c)(c-a)}\)
\(=\frac{ab+bc+ac-(a^2+b^2+c^2)}{(a-b)(b-c)(c-a)}=-\frac{1}{2}.\frac{2(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac)}{(a-b)(b-c)(c-a)}\)
\(=\frac{-1}{2}.-2013=\frac{2013}{2}\) (theo $(*)$)
A = \(\left(-2\right).\left(-1\dfrac{1}{2}\right).\left(-1\dfrac{1}{3}\right).\left(-1\dfrac{1}{4}\right)...\left(-1\dfrac{1}{214}\right)\)
= \(\left(-2\right).\left(-\dfrac{3}{2}\right).\left(-\dfrac{4}{3}\right).\left(-\dfrac{5}{4}\right)...\left(-\dfrac{215}{214}\right)\)
= \(\dfrac{\left(-2\right).\left(-3\right).\left(-4\right).\left(-5\right)...\left(-215\right)}{1.2.3.4...214}\)
= \(\dfrac{2.3.4.5...215}{1.2.3.4...214}\)
= \(\dfrac{215}{1}=215\)
B = \(\left(-1\dfrac{1}{2}\right).\left(-1\dfrac{1}{3}\right).\left(-1\dfrac{1}{4}\right)....\left(-1\dfrac{1}{299}\right)\)
= \(\left(-\dfrac{3}{2}\right).\left(-\dfrac{4}{3}\right).\left(-\dfrac{5}{4}\right)...\left(-\dfrac{300}{299}\right)\)
= \(\dfrac{\left(-3\right).\left(-4\right).\left(-5\right)...\left(-300\right)}{2.3.4...299}\)
= \(\dfrac{3.4.5...300}{2.3.4.5...299}\)
= \(\dfrac{300}{2}=150\)
\(A=\left(\dfrac{1}{2^2}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{3^2}-1\right).......\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{2014^2}-1\right)\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{1}{4}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{9}-1\right)..........\left(\dfrac{1}{4056196}-1\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{-3}{4}.\dfrac{-8}{9}..............\dfrac{-4056195}{4056196}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(-1\right).3}{2^2}.\dfrac{\left(-2\right).4}{3^2}...........\dfrac{\left(-2013\right).2015}{2014^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(-1\right).\left(-2\right)..........\left(-2013\right)}{2.3......2014}.\dfrac{3.4......2015}{2.3.....2014}\)
\(=\dfrac{-1}{2014}.\dfrac{2015}{2}\)
\(=\dfrac{-2015}{4028}< \dfrac{-1}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A< B\)
Lời giải:
Ta có:
\(B=\frac{1}{2}+\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+....+\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{99}\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{2}B=\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^3+....+\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{100}\)
Trừ theo vế:
\(\Rightarrow \frac{B}{2}=\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{100}-\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow B=\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{99}-1<2-1\Leftrightarrow B< 1\)
Vì \(\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{99}\not\in\mathbb{Z};1\in\mathbb{Z}\Rightarrow B\not\in \mathbb{Z}\)
Ta có đpcm.
\(PHUCDZ=\dfrac{1}{2}+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+...+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{99}\)
\(PHUCDZ=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{2^{99}}\)
\(2PHUCDZ=2\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{2^{99}}\right)\)
\(2PHUCDZ=1+\dfrac{1}{2}+...+\dfrac{1}{2^{98}}\)
\(2PHUCDZ-PHUCDZ=\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2}+...+\dfrac{1}{2^{98}}\right)-\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{2^{99}}\right)\)
\(PHUCDZ=1-\dfrac{1}{2^{99}}< 1\)
\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)
\(PHUCDZ=1-\dfrac{1}{2^{99}}=\dfrac{2^{99}}{2^{99}}-\dfrac{1}{2^{99}}=\dfrac{2^{99}-1}{2^{99}}\)
Vì \(2^{99}-1\) và \(2^{99}\) là 2 số nguyên tố cùng nhau nên không thể rút gọn cho 1 số nào khác 1.
Vậy \(PHUCDZ\ne Z\Rightarrowđpcm\)
b) Giải:
ĐK: \(a\ne-b\)
Ta có:
\(3a^2+b^2=4ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4a^2-4ab+b^2-a^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2a-b\right)^2-a^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3a-b\right)\left(a-b\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}3a-b=0\\a-b=0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{b}{3}\\a=b\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{b}{3}\Leftrightarrow P=\dfrac{\dfrac{b}{3}-b}{\dfrac{b}{3}+b}=\dfrac{-1}{2}\\a=b\Leftrightarrow P=\dfrac{a-a}{a+a}=\dfrac{0}{2a}=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}P=\dfrac{-1}{2}\\P=0\end{matrix}\right.\)