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Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}:a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}:b\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}:c\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{O2}=51,6-32,4=19,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{O2}=\frac{19,2}{32}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
TN1:
\(Mg-2e\rightarrow Mg^{+2}\)
a_____2a_____
\(O_2+2e\rightarrow O^{-2}\)
0,6___1,2____
\(3Fe-1e\rightarrow Fe^{+\frac{8}{3}}\)
b____b/3_______
\(Al-3e\rightarrow Al^{+3}\)
c_____3c______
Theo BTe
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2a+\frac{b}{3}+3c=1,2\left(1\right)\\24a+56b+27c=32,4\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
TN2: Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}:ka\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}:kb\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}:kc\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có:
\(ka+kb+kc=0,9\)
\(n_{H2}=\frac{24,64}{22,4}=1,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow ka+kb+1,5kc=1,1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{ka+kb+kc}{ka+kb+1,5kc}=\frac{0,9}{1,1}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+b+c}{a+b+1,5c}=\frac{9}{11}\)
\(\Rightarrow2a+2b-12,5c=0\left(3\right)\)
\(\left(1\right)+\left(2\right)+\left(3\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,36\\b=0,066\\c=0,117\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\frac{0,36.24.100}{32,4}=27\%\\\%m_{Fe}=\frac{0,366.56.100}{32,4}=63\%\\\%m_{Al}=100\%-27\%-63\%=10\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Gọi $n_{Fe} = a(mol), n_{Zn} = b(mol) , n_{Al} = c(mol) \Rightarrow 56a + 65b + 27c = 20,4(1)$
$Fe + H_2SO_4 \to FeSO_4 + H_2$
$Zn + H_2SO_4 \to ZnSO_4 + H_2$
$2Al +3 H_2SO_4 \to Al_2(SO_4)_3 +3 H_2$
Theo PTHH : $n_{H_2} = a + b + 1,5c = \dfrac{10,08}{22,4} = 0,45(mol)(2)$
Mặt khác :
$2Fe + 3Cl_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2FeCl_3$
$Zn + Cl_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} ZnCl_2$
$2Al + 3Cl_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2AlCl_3$
Theo PTHH : $n_{Cl_2} = 1,5n_{Fe} + n_{Zn} + 1,5n_{Al}$
Suy ra : \dfrac{1,5a + b + 1,5c}{a + b + c} = \dfrac{0,275}{0,2}(3)$
Từ (1)(2)(3) suy ra : a = 0,2 ; b = 0,1 ; c = 0,1
$\%m_{Fe} = \dfrac{0,2.56}{20,4}.100\% = 54,9\%$
$\%m_{Zn} = \dfrac{0,1.65}{20,4}.100\% = 31,9\%$
$\%m_{Al} = 100\% - 54,9\% - 31,9\% = 13,2\%$
\(Zn+2HCl->ZnCl_2+H_2\\ Mg+2HCl->MgCl_2+H_2\\ n_{Zn}=a\\ n_{Mg}=b\\ 65a+24b=11,3g\\ n_{H_2}=a+b=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\\ a=0,1\\ m_{Zn}=65.0,1=6,5g\)
Mg + 2HCl =====> MgCl2 + H2
2Al + 6HCl ====> 2AlCl3 +3H2
Fe + 2HCl ===> FeCl2 + H2
nHCl=25,5536,5=0,7(mol)nHCl=25,5536,5=0,7(mol)
nH2=6,7222,4=0,3(mol)nH2=6,7222,4=0,3(mol)
ta có 10 mol HCl pư tạo thành 5 mol H2
0.6 mol HCl pư tạo thành 0.3 mol H2
nhưng thực tế 0.7mol HCl pư tạo thành 0.3mol H2
=======> HCl dư 0.1 mol
a.
\(m_{Ag}=m_{k.tan}=8,7\left(g\right)\\ m_{Zn,Mg}=20-8,7=11,3\left(g\right)\\ \left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\left(a,b>0\right)\\Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\\ Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}65a+24b=11,3\\a+b=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Ag}=\dfrac{8,7}{20}.100=43,5\%\\\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{24.0,2}{20}.100=24\%\\\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,1.65}{20}.100=32,5\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b.
\(n_{H_2SO_4\left(tổng\right)}=a+b=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ V_{ddH_2SO_4\left(tổng\right)}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,5}=0,6\left(lít\right)=600\left(ml\right)\)
a) Mg + 2HCl -> MgCl2 + H2
Al + 3HCl -> AlCl3 + 3/2H2
b) Gọi a, b lần lượt là số mol Mg, Al.
nH2 = 5,6/22,4 = 0,25 (mol)
Mg + 2HCl -> MgCl2 + H2
a 2a a a
Al + 3HCl -> AlCl3 + 3/2H2
b 3b b 3/2b
Ta có hệ pt:
mhh = 24a + 27b = 5,1 (g)
nH2 = a + 3/2b = 0,25 (mol)
=> a = 0,1 (mol)
b = 0,1 (mol)
200 ml = 0,2 l
nHCl = 2a + 3b = 0,2 + 0,3 = 0,5 (mol)
=> CM ddHCl = 0,5/0,2 = 2,5 (M)
%mMg = 24a/5,1*100% = 2,4/5,1*100% = 47,06%
%mAl = 100%-47,06% = 52,94%
TN1: Gọi \(\left(n_{Mg};n_{Al};n_{Zn}\right)=\left(a;b;c\right)\)
=> 24a + 27b + 65c = 28,6 (1)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Mg + O2 --to--> 2MgO
a--->0,5a
4Al + 3O2 --to--> 2Al2O3
b-->0,75b
2Zn + O2 --to--> 2ZnO
c--->0,5c
=> 0,5a + 0,75b + 0,5c = 0,5 (2)
TN2: Gọi \(\left(n_{Mg};n_{Al};n_{Zn}\right)=\left(ak;bk;ck\right)\)
=> ak + bk + ck = 0,8 (3)
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
ak----------------------->ak
2Al + 6HCl -->2AlCl3 + 3H2
bk------------------------>1,5bk
Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl2 + H2
ck---------------------->ck
=> \(ak+1,5bk+ck=\dfrac{22,4}{22,4}=1\) (4)
(1)(2)(3)(4) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,4\\c=0,2\\k=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,2.24}{28,6}.100\%=16,783\%\\\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,4.27}{28,6}.100\%=37,762\%\\\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,2.65}{28,6}.100\%=45,455\end{matrix}\right.\)