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Bài 14:
Ta có: \(n_{BaCO_3}=\dfrac{39,4}{197}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(BaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow BaCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\)
a, \(n_{CO_2}=n_{BaCO_3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{CO_2}=0,2.24,79=4,958\left(l\right)\)
b, Sửa đề: tính khối lượng dung dịch HCl → tính nồng độ % dd HCl.
\(n_{HCl}=2n_{BaCO_3}=0,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,4.36,5}{100}.100\%=14,6\%\)
c, \(n_{BaCl_2}=n_{BaCO_3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có: m dd sau pư = 39,4 + 100 - 0,2.44 = 130,6 (g)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2.208}{130,6}.100\%\approx31,85\%\)
Bài 12:
Ta có: \(n_{MgCO_3}=\dfrac{25,2}{84}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(MgCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\)
a, Theo PT: \(n_{CO_2}=n_{MgCO_3}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{CO_2}=0,3.24,79=7,437\left(l\right)\)
b, Ta có: m dd sau pư = 25,2 + 200 - 0,3.44 = 212 (g)
Theo PT: \(n_{MgCl_2}=n_{MgCO_3}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,3.95}{212}.100\%\approx13,44\%\)
Bài 13:
Ta có: \(n_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{10}{100}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\)
1. \(n_{CO_2}=n_{CaCO_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{CO_2}=0,1.24,79=2,479\left(l\right)\)
2. \(n_{HCl}=2n_{CaCO_3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,2.36,5}{7,3\%}=100\left(g\right)\)
3. Ta có: m dd sau pư = 10 + 100 - 0,1.44 = 105,6 (g)
Theo PT: \(n_{CaCl_2}=n_{CaCO_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{CaCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1.111}{105,6}.100\%\approx10,51\%\)
Bài 7:
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{26}{65}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\a, PTHH:Zn+2CH_3COOH\rightarrow\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Zn+H_2\\ b,n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ V_{B\left(đktc\right)}=V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,4.22,4=8,96\left(l\right)\\ c,V_{B\left(có.hiệu.suất\right)}=8,96.90\%=8,064\left(l\right)\)
PTHH: \(Na_2SO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2NaCl+H_2O+SO_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{2,479}{22,4}=\dfrac{2479}{22400}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Na_2SO_3}=\dfrac{2479}{22400}\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl}=\dfrac{2479}{11200}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Na_2SO_3}=\dfrac{2479}{22400}\cdot126\approx13,94\left(g\right)\\C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{\dfrac{2479}{11200}}{0,25}\approx0,89\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 8:
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,437}{24,79}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
_____0,2______0,6_____0,2____0,3 (mol)
a, \(m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\)
b, \(C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,3}=2\left(M\right)\)
c, \(C_{M_{AlCl_3}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2}=1\left(M\right)\)
Bài 9:
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,479}{24,79}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
\(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O\)
a, \(n_{Mg}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Mg}=0,1.24=2,4\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{MgO}=8,4-2,4=6\left(g\right)\)
b, \(n_{MgO}=\dfrac{6}{40}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{Mg}+2n_{MgO}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,5.36,5}{3,65\%}==500\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
0,2 0,6 0,2 0,3
\(m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{M\left(HCl\right)}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,6}=1\left(M\right)\)
\(m_{AlCl_3}=0,2.133,5=26,7\left(g\right)\)
1/ nH2 = 0,39 mol; nHCl = 0,5 mol; nH2SO4 = 0,14 mol
nH+= 0,5 + 0,14.2 = 0,78 = 2nH2
=> axit phản ứng vừa đủ
Bảo toàn khối lượng: mkim loại + mHCl + mH2SO4 = mmuối khan + mH2
=> mmuối khan = 7,74 + 0,5.36,5 + 0,14.98 – 0,39.2 = 38,93 gam
2/ Đặt x, y là số mol Mg, Al
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+27y=7,74\\x+\dfrac{3}{2}y=0,39\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> x=0,12 ; y=0,18
Để thu được kết tủa lớn nhất thì Al(OH)3 không bị tan trong NaOH
Dung dịch A : Mg2+ (0,12 mol) , Al3+ (0,18 mol)
\(Mg^{2+}+2OH^-\rightarrow Mg\left(OH\right)_2\)
\(Al^{3+}+3OH^-\rightarrow Al\left(OH\right)_3\)
=> \(n_{OH^-}=n_{NaOH}=0,12.2+0,18.3=0,78\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(V_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,78}{2}=0,39\left(lít\right)\)
a, \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{16}{80}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Cu\left(LT\right)}=n_{CuO}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu\left(LT\right)}=0,2.64=12,8\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow H=\dfrac{11,25}{12,8}.100\%\approx87,89\%\)
b, \(n_{H_2}=n_{CuO}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,4}{2}=0,2\left(l\right)=200\left(ml\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=200.1,2=240\left(g\right)\)
PT: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
a, \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{22,311}{24,79}=0,9\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Al\left(LT\right)}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Al\left(LT\right)}=0,6.27=16,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Al\left(TT\right)}=\dfrac{16,2}{80\%}=20,25\left(g\right)\)
b, \(n_{HCl}=0,2.1=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2\left(LT\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2\left(LT\right)}=0,1.24,79=2,479\left(l\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow H=\dfrac{1,2395}{2,479}.100\%=50\%\)