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a) \({3^{{x^2} - 4x + 5}} = 9 \Leftrightarrow {x^2} - 4x + 5 = 2 \Leftrightarrow {x^2} - 4x + 3 = 0 \Leftrightarrow \left( {x - 3} \right)\left( {x - 1} \right) = 0\)
\( \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}x = 3\\x = 1\end{array} \right.\)
Vậy phương trình có nghiệm là \(x \in \left\{ {1;3} \right\}\)
b) \(0,{5^{2x - 4}} = 4 \Leftrightarrow 2x - 4 = {\log _{0,5}}4 \Leftrightarrow 2x = 2 \Leftrightarrow x = 1\)
Vậy phương trình có nghiệm là x = 1
c) \({\log _3}(2x - 1) = 3\) ĐK: \(2x - 1 > 0 \Leftrightarrow x > \frac{1}{2}\)
\( \Leftrightarrow 2x - 1 = 27 \Leftrightarrow x = 14\) (TMĐK)
Vậy phương trình có nghiệm là x = 14
d) \(\log x + \log (x - 3) = 1\) ĐK: \(x - 3 > 0 \Leftrightarrow x > 3\)
\(\begin{array}{l} \Leftrightarrow \log \left( {x.\left( {x - 3} \right)} \right) = 1\\ \Leftrightarrow {x^2} - 3x = 10\\ \Leftrightarrow {x^2} - 3x - 10 = 0\\ \Leftrightarrow \left( {x + 2} \right)\left( {x - 5} \right) = 0\\ \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}x = - 2 (loại) \,\,\,\\x = 5 (TMĐK) \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\end{array} \right.\end{array}\)
Vậy phương trình có nghiệm x = 5
\(a=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x-1\right)}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)}{x^2+x-1}=\frac{4}{1}=4\)
\(b=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-1}\frac{\left(x+1\right)\left(x^4-x^3+x^2-x+1\right)}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-1}\frac{x^4-x^3+x^2-x+1}{x^2-x+1}=\frac{5}{3}\)
\(c=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow3}\frac{\left(x+1\right)\left(x-3\right)^2}{\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x^2-9\right)}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow3}\frac{\left(x+1\right)\left(x-3\right)}{\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x+3\right)}=\frac{0}{60}=0\)
\(d=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{4x^6-5x^5+x}{x^2-2x+1}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{24x^5-25x^4+1}{2x-2}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{120x^4-100x^3}{2}=10\)
\(e=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{mx^{m-1}}{nx^{n-1}}=\frac{m}{n}\)
\(f=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-2}\frac{\left(x+2\right)\left(x-2\right)\left(x^2+4\right)}{\left(x+2\right)x^2}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-2}\frac{\left(x-2\right)\left(x^2+4\right)}{x^2}=-8\)
Hai câu d, e khai triển thì dài quá nên làm biếng sử dụng L'Hopital
3.
\(x-2y+1=0\Leftrightarrow y=\frac{1}{2}x+\frac{1}{2}\)
\(y'=\frac{2}{\left(x+1\right)^2}\Rightarrow\frac{2}{\left(x+1\right)^2}=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+1\right)^2=4\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\Rightarrow y=1\\x=-3\Rightarrow y=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
Có 2 tiếp tuyến: \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=\frac{1}{2}\left(x-1\right)+1\\y=\frac{1}{2}\left(x+3\right)+3\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=\frac{1}{2}x+\frac{1}{2}\left(l\right)\\y=\frac{1}{2}x+\frac{9}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
4.
\(\lim\limits\frac{\sqrt{2n^2+1}-3n}{n+2}=\lim\limits\frac{\sqrt{2+\frac{1}{n^2}}-3}{1+\frac{2}{n}}=\sqrt{2}-3\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=2\\b=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
5.
\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow a}\frac{2\left(x^2-a^2\right)+a\left(a+1\right)-\left(a+1\right)x}{\left(x-a\right)\left(x+a\right)}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow a}\frac{\left(x-a\right)\left(2x+2a\right)-\left(a+1\right)\left(x-a\right)}{\left(x-a\right)\left(x+a\right)}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow a}\frac{\left(x-a\right)\left(2x+a-1\right)}{\left(x-a\right)\left(x+a\right)}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow a}\frac{2x+a-1}{x+a}=\frac{3a-1}{2a}\)
1.
\(f'\left(x\right)=-3x^2+6mx-12=3\left(-x^2+2mx-4\right)=3g\left(x\right)\)
Để \(f'\left(x\right)\le0\) \(\forall x\in R\) \(\Leftrightarrow g\left(x\right)\le0;\forall x\in R\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\Delta'=m^2-4\le0\Rightarrow-2\le m\le2\)
\(\Rightarrow m=\left\{-1;0;1;2\right\}\)
2.
\(f'\left(x\right)=\frac{m^2-20}{\left(2x+m\right)^2}\)
Để \(f'\left(x\right)< 0;\forall x\in\left(0;2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m^2-20< 0\\\left[{}\begin{matrix}m>0\\m< -4\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-\sqrt{20}< m< \sqrt{20}\\\left[{}\begin{matrix}m>0\\m< -4\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m=\left\{1;2;3;4\right\}\)
3.
\(f\left(x+\frac{\pi}{3}\right)=cos\left(x+\frac{\pi}{3}\right)\Rightarrow f'\left(x+\frac{\pi}{3}\right)=-sin\left(x+\frac{\pi}{3}\right)\)
\(f'\left(x-\frac{\pi}{6}\right)=-sin\left(x-\frac{\pi}{6}\right)\)
\(f'\left(0\right)=-sin\left(0\right)=0\)
\(2f'\left(x+\frac{\pi}{3}\right).f'\left(x-\frac{\pi}{6}\right)=2sin\left(x+\frac{\pi}{3}\right)sin\left(x-\frac{\pi}{6}\right)\)
\(=cos\left(\frac{\pi}{2}\right)-cos\left(2x+\frac{\pi}{6}\right)=-cos\left(2x+\frac{\pi}{6}\right)\)
\(f'\left(0\right)-f\left(2x+\frac{\pi}{6}\right)=0-cos\left(2x+\frac{\pi}{6}\right)=-cos\left(2x+\frac{\pi}{6}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow2f'\left(x+\frac{\pi}{3}\right)f'\left(x-\frac{\pi}{6}\right)=f'\left(0\right)-f\left(2x+\frac{\pi}{6}\right)\) (đpcm)
4.
\(y=3\left(sin^4x+cos^4x\right)-2\left(sin^6x+cos^6x\right)\)
\(=3\left(sin^2x+cos^2x\right)^2-6sin^2x.cos^2x-2\left(sin^2x+cos^2x\right)^3+6sin^2x.cos^2x\left(sin^2x+cos^2x\right)\)
\(=3-2=1\)
\(\Rightarrow y'=0\) ; \(\forall x\)
5.
\(y=\left(\frac{sinx}{1+cosx}\right)^3=\left(\frac{sinx\left(1-cosx\right)}{1-cos^2x}\right)^3=\left(\frac{sinx\left(1-cosx\right)}{sin^2x}\right)^3=\left(\frac{1-cosx}{sinx}\right)^3\)
\(y'=3\left(\frac{1-cosx}{sinx}\right)^2\left(\frac{sin^2x-cosx\left(1-cosx\right)}{sin^2x}\right)=3\left(\frac{1-cosx}{sinx}\right)^2\left(\frac{1-cosx}{sin^2x}\right)=\frac{3\left(1-cosx\right)^3}{sin^4x}\)
\(\Rightarrow y'.sinx-3y=\frac{3\left(1-cosx\right)^3}{sin^3x}-3\left(\frac{1-cosx}{sinx}\right)^3=0\) (đpcm)
Chứng minh rằng các phương trình sau luôn có nghiệm: a)x^5 - 3x+3=0 b)x^5+x-1=0 c)x^4+x^3-3x^2+x+1=0
Lời giải:
a) $f(x)=x^5-3x+3$ liên tục trên $R$
$f(0)=3>0; f(-2)=-23<0\Rightarrow f(0)f(-2)<0$
Do đó pt $f(x)=0$ có ít nhất 1 nghiệm thuộc $(-2;0)$
Nghĩa là pt đã cho luôn có nghiệm.
b) $f(x)=x^5+x-1$ liên tục trên $R$
$f(0)=-1<0; f(1)=1>0\Rightarrow f(0)f(1)<0$
Do đó pt $f(x)=0$ luôn có ít nhất 1 nghiệm thuộc $(0;1)$
Hay pt đã cho luôn có nghiệm.
c) $f(x)=x^4+x^3-3x^2+x+1$ liên tục trên $R$
$f(0)=1>0; f(-1)=-3<0\Rightarrow f(0)f(-1)<0$
$\Rightarrow f(x)=0$ luôn có ít nhất 1 nghiệm thuộc $(-1;0)$
Hay pt đã cho luôn có nghiệm.
a: \(5^x=4\)
=>\(x=log_54\)
b: \(5^{2-x}=8\)
=>\(2-x=log_58\)
=>\(x=2-log_58\)
c: \(\left(\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^{x+4}=243\)
=>\(3^{-x-4}=3^5\)
=>-x-4=5
=>-x=9
=>x=-9
d: \(\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
=>\(\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^x=\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^{-1}\)
=>x=-1
\(a=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow3}\frac{\left(x-3\right)\left(2x+3\right)}{\left(x-3\right)\left(x^3+3x^2+9x\right)}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow3}\frac{2x+3}{x^3+3x^2+9x}=\frac{2.3+3}{3^3+2.3^2+9.3}=...\)
\(b=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^4+x^2+2x^3+2x+2\right)}=\frac{1+1}{1+1+2+2+2}=...\)
\(c=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{\left(x-1\right)^2\left(4x^3+3x^2+2x+1\right)}{\left(x-1\right)^2\left(x^2+x+2\right)}=\frac{4+3+2+1}{1+1+2}=...\)
\(d=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-1}\frac{\left(x+1\right)\left(x^4-x^3+x^2-x+1\right)}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)}=\frac{1+1+1+1+1}{1+1+1}=...\)
\(Lim_{x\rightarrow3}\frac{x^4-27x}{2x^2-3x-9}=Lim_{x\rightarrow3}\frac{x\left(x^3-3^3\right)}{\left(x-3\right)\left(2x+3\right)}\)
\(=Lim_{x\rightarrow3}\frac{x\left(x-3\right)\left(x^2+3x+9\right)}{\left(x-3\right)\left(2x+3\right)}=Lim_{x\rightarrow3}\frac{x\left(x^2+3x+9\right)}{2x+3}\)
\(=\frac{3\left(3^2+3.3+9\right)}{3.2+3}=\frac{3\left(9+9+9\right)}{9}=9\)
Vậy \(Lim_{x\rightarrow3}\frac{x^4-27x}{2x^2-3x-9}=9\)
16.
\(y'=\frac{\left(cos2x\right)'}{2\sqrt{cos2x}}=\frac{-2sin2x}{2\sqrt{cos2x}}=-\frac{sin2x}{\sqrt{cos2x}}\)
17.
\(y'=4x^3-\frac{1}{x^2}-\frac{1}{2\sqrt{x}}\)
18.
\(y'=3x^2-2x\)
\(y'\left(-2\right)=16;y\left(-2\right)=-12\)
Pttt: \(y=16\left(x+2\right)-12\Leftrightarrow y=16x+20\)
19.
\(y'=-\frac{1}{x^2}=-x^{-2}\)
\(y''=2x^{-3}=\frac{2}{x^3}\)
20.
\(\left(cotx\right)'=-\frac{1}{sin^2x}\)
21.
\(y'=1+\frac{4}{x^2}=\frac{x^2+4}{x^2}\)
22.
\(lim\left(3^n\right)=+\infty\)
11.
\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1^+}\frac{-2x+1}{x-1}=\frac{-1}{0}=-\infty\)
12.
\(y=cotx\Rightarrow y'=-\frac{1}{sin^2x}\)
13.
\(y'=2020\left(x^3-2x^2\right)^{2019}.\left(x^3-2x^2\right)'=2020\left(x^3-2x^2\right)^{2019}\left(3x^2-4x\right)\)
14.
\(y'=\frac{\left(4x^2+3x+1\right)'}{2\sqrt{4x^2+3x+1}}=\frac{8x+3}{2\sqrt{4x^2+3x+1}}\)
15.
\(y'=4\left(x-5\right)^3\)
Chia cả tử và mẫu của phân thức cho x4 ta có
Đáp án C