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80 gam dung dịch A chứa 3,52 gam NaOH
=> 200 gam dung dịch A chứa 3,52.200/80 = 8,8 gam
n NaOH = 8,8/40 = 0,22(mol)
Gọi n Na = a(mol) ; n Na2O = b(mol)
=> 23a + 62b = 6,02(1)
$2Na + 2H_2O \to 2NaOH + H_2$
$Na_2O + H_2O \to 2NaOH$
n NaOH = a + 2b = 0,22(2)
Từ (1)(2) suy ra a= 0,1 ; b = 0,06
n H2 = 0,5a = 0,05(mol)
=> m H2O = 200 + 0,05.2 - 6,02 =194,08(gam)
%m Na = 0,1.23/6,02 .100% = 38,2%
%m Na2O = 100% -38,2% = 61,8%
PTHH: \(Na+H_2O\rightarrow NaOH+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\uparrow\)
\(Na_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaOH}=n_{Na}+2n_{Na_2O}=\dfrac{4,6}{23}+2\cdot\dfrac{6,2}{62}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Na}=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{NaOH}=0,3\cdot40=12\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2}=0,05\cdot2=0,1\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd\left(sau.p/ứ\right)}=m_{Na}+m_{Na_2O}+m_{H_2O}-m_{H_2}=110,7\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{NaOH}=\dfrac{12}{110,7}\cdot100\%\approx10,84\%\)
Quy hỗn hợp X về : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Na:x\left(mol\right)\\Ba:y\left(mol\right)\\O:z\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
BTe ta được : \(x+2y=2z+0,05.2\left(1\right)\)
BTKL : \(23x+137y+16z=21,9\left(2\right)\)
\(y=\dfrac{20,52}{171}=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,14\\z=0,14\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{NaOH}=0,14\Leftrightarrow a=0,14.40=5.6\left(g\right)\)
Bài 1:
PTHH: \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
\(Fe_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{Fe}\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot56}{37,6}\cdot100\%\approx14,89\%\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Fe_2O_3}=85,11\%\)
Bài 3:
PTHH: \(2HNO_3+Ba\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow Ba\left(NO_3\right)_2+2H_2O\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HNO_3}=0,05\cdot1=0,05\left(mol\right)\\n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{342\cdot5\%}{171}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,05}{2}< \dfrac{0,1}{1}\) \(\Rightarrow\) Axit p/ứ hết, Bazơ còn dư sau p/ứ
\(\Rightarrow\) Dung dịch sau p/ứ làm quỳ tím hóa xanh
Theo PTHH: \(n_{Ba\left(NO_3\right)_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HNO_3}=0,025\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{Ba\left(NO_3\right)_2}=0,025\cdot261=6,525\left(g\right)\)
Gọi số mol NaOH là a (mol)
\(n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{20,52}{171}=0,12\left(mol\right)\); \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có sơ đồ:
\(21,9\left(g\right)X\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Na\\Ba\\Na_2O\\BaO\end{matrix}\right.+H_2O\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Ba\left(OH\right)_2:0,12\left(mol\right)\\NaOH:a\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.+H_2:0,05\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn H: \(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{0,12.2+a+0,05.2}{2}=0,17+0,5a\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn khối lượng:
\(m_X+m_{H_2O}=m_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}+m_{NaOH}+m_{H_2O}\)
=> \(21,9+18\left(0,17+0,5a\right)=20,52+40a+0,05.2\)
=> a = 0,14 (mol)
=> m = 0,14.40 = 5,6 (g)
Gọi $n_{Na} = a(mol)$
2Na + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2
a...........................a..........0,5a.....(mol)
2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O → 2NaAlO2 + 3H2
..a...........a............................................1,5a....(mol)
Suy ra : $0,5a + 1,5a = \dfrac{3,36}{22,4} = 0,15 \Rightarrow a = 0,075$
Vậy :
$m = 0,075.23 + 0,075.27 + 1,35 = 5,1(gam)$
Gọi nNa=a(mol)���=�(���)
2Na + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2
a...........................a..........0,5a.....(mol)
2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O → 2NaAlO2 + 3H2
..a...........a............................................1,5a....(mol)
Suy ra : 0,5a+1,5a=3,3622,4=0,15⇒a=0,0750,5�+1,5�=3,3622,4=0,15⇒�=0,075
Vậy :
m=0,075.23+0,075.27+1,35=5,1(gam)
Ta có \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{NaOH}=100.16\%=16\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{16}{40}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(2Na+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH+H_2\)
\(Na_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Na}=2n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=n_{Na}+2n_{Na_2O}\Rightarrow n_{Na_2O}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Na}=\dfrac{0,2.23}{0,2.23+0,1.62}.100\%\approx42,6\%\\\%m_{Na_2O}\approx57,4\%\end{matrix}\right.\)