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a, \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{65}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)
b, \(n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{ZnCl_2}=0,1.136=13,6\left(g\right)\)
c, m dd muối = 13,6 + 172,8 = 186,4 (g)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{13,6}{186,4}.100\%\approx7,3\%\)
\(pthh:Zn+2HCl--->ZnCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
a. Ta có: \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{65}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo pt: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(lít\right)\)
b. Theo pt: \(n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ZnCl_2}=0,1.136=13,6\left(g\right)\)
c. \(C_{\%_{ZnCl_2}}=\dfrac{m_{ZnCl_2}}{m_{dd_{ZnCl_2}}}.100\%=\dfrac{13,6}{13,6+172,8}.100\%=7,3\%\)
\(n_{Na_2CO_3}=n_{Na_2CO_3\cdot10H_2O}=\dfrac{57.2}{106+18\cdot10}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(C_{M_{Na_2CO_3}}=\dfrac{0.2}{0.4}=0.5\left(M\right)\)
\(m_{Na_2CO_3}=0.2\cdot106=21.2\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{dd}=400\cdot1.05=420\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{Na_2CO_3}=\dfrac{21.2}{420}\cdot100\%=5.04\%\)
\(1\\ 2Na + 2H_2O \to 2NaOH + H_2\\ n_{H_2} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{Na} = \dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{4,6}{23} = 0,1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2} = 0,1.22,4 = 2,24(lít)\\ 2\\ P_2O_5 + 3H_2O \to 2H_3PO_4\\ n_{H_3PO_4} = 2.n_{P_2O_5} = 2.\dfrac{14,2}{142} = 0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{H_3PO_4} = 0,2.98 = 19,6\ gam\)
Câu 1:
PTHH: \(Na+H_2O\rightarrow NaOH+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(n_{Na}=\dfrac{4,6}{23}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{NaOH}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{H_2}=0,1\cdot22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\\m_{NaOH}=0,2\cdot40=8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Câu 2:
PTHH: \(P_2O_5+3H_2O\rightarrow2H_3PO_4\)
Ta có: \(n_{P_2O_5}=\dfrac{14,2}{142}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_3PO_4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{H_3PO_4}=0,2\cdot98=19,6\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2mol\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
0,2 0,4 0,2 0,2
a)\(m_{HCl}=0,4\cdot36,5=14,6g\)
\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{14,6}{18,25\%}\cdot100\%=80g\)
b)\(V_{H_2}=0,2\cdot22,4=4,48l\)
c)\(m_{H_2}=0,2\cdot2=0,4g\)
BTKL: \(m_{Zn}+m_{ddHCl}=m_{ddZnCl_2}+m_{H_2}\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddZnCl_2}=13+80-0,4=92,6g\)
\(m_{ctZnCl_2}=0,2\cdot136=27,2g\)
\(C\%=\dfrac{27,2}{92,6}\cdot100\%=29,37\%\)
a, PTHH:
Na2O + H2O ---> 2NaOH (1)
2NaOH + H2SO4 ---> Na2SO4 + 2H2O (2)
b, \(n_{Na_2O}=\dfrac{18,6}{62}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Theo pthh (1): \(n_{NaOH}=2n_{Na_2O}=2.0,3=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{NaOH}=0,6.40=24\left(g\right)\)
c, \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{49}{98}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
LTL (2): \(\dfrac{0,6}{2}< 0,5\rightarrow\) H2SO4 dư
Theo pthh (2):
\(n_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,6=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ \rightarrow m_{Na_2SO_4}=0,3.142=42,6\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Ca}=\dfrac{11,2}{40}=0,28\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{18}{18}=1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Ca + 2H2O --> Ca(OH)2 + H2
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,28}{1}< \dfrac{1}{2}\) => Ca hết, H2O dư
PTHH: Ca + 2H2O --> Ca(OH)2 + H2
0,28------------->0,28-->0,28
=> VH2 = 0,28.22,4= 6,272 (l)
mCa(OH)2 = 0,28.74 = 20,72 (g)
Na2O+H2O->2NaOH
0,3----------------0,6
2NaOH+H2SO4->Na2SO4+H2O
0,6----------------------0,3 mol
n Na2O=\(\dfrac{18,6}{62}\)=0,3 mol
=>m NaOH= 0,6.40=24g
=> m Na2SO4=0,3.142=42,6g
\(n_K=\dfrac{7.8}{39}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(2K+2H_2O\rightarrow2KOH+H_2\)
\(0.2.......................0.2......0.1\)
\(V_{H_2}=0.1\cdot22.4=2.24\left(l\right)\)
\(m_{KOH}=0.2\cdot56=11.2\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{dd_{KOH}}=7.8+400-0.1\cdot2=407.6\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%KOH=\dfrac{11.2}{407.6}\cdot100\%=2.74\%\)