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\(x^8+3x^4+4\)
\(=\left(x^8-x^6+2x^4\right)+\left(x^6-x^4+2x^2\right)+\left(2x^4-2x^2+4\right)\)
\(=x^4\left(x^4-x^2+2\right)+x^2\left(x^4-x^2+2\right)+2\left(x^4-x^2+2\right)\)
\(=\left(x^4+x^2+2\right)\left(x^4-x^2+2\right)\)
\(4x^4+4x^3+5x^2+2x+1\)
\(=\left(4x^4+2x^3+2x^2\right)+\left(2x^3+x^2+x\right)+\left(2x^2+x+1\right)\)
\(=2x^2\left(2x^2+x+1\right)+x\left(2x^2+x+1\right)+\left(2x^2+x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(2x^2+x+1\right)^2\)
\(5x^2-8xy-4y^2\)
\(=\left(5x^2-10xy\right)+\left(2xy-4y^2\right)\)
\(=5x\left(x-2y\right)+2y\left(x-2y\right)\)
\(=\left(5x+2y\right)\left(x-2y\right)\)
a) x12 + 4 = x12 + 4x6 + 4 - 4x6 = (x6 + 2)2 - (2x3)2
= (x6 - 2x3 + 2)(x6 + 2x3 + 2)
b) 4x8 + 1 = 4x8 + 4x4 + 1 - 4x4 = (2x4 + 1)2 - (2x2)2
= (2x4 + 2x2 + 1)(2x4 - 2x2 + 1)
c) x7 + x5 - 1 = x7 - x + x5 + x2 - (x2 - x + 1) = x(x6 - 1) + x2(x3 + 1) - (x2 - x + 1)
= x(x3 - 1)(x3 + 1) + x2(x + 1)(x2 - x + 1) - (x2 - x + 1)
= (x4 - x)(x + 1)(x2 - x + 1) + (x3 + x2)(x2 - x + 1) - (x2 - x + 1)
= (x5 + x4 - x2 - x + x3 + x2 - 1)(x2 -x + 1)
= (x5 + x4 + x3 - x - 1)(x2 - x + 1)
d) x7 + x5 + 1 = x7 - x + x5 - x2 + (x2 + x + 1)
= x(x3 - 1)((x3 + 1) + x2(x3 - 1) + (x2 + x + 1)
= (x4 + x)(x - 1)(x2 + x + 1) + x2(x - 1)((x2 + x + 1) + (x2 + x + 1)
= (x2 + x + 1)(x5 - x4 + x2 - x + x3 - x2 + 1)
= (x2 + x + 1)(x5 - x4 + x3 - x + 1)
Lời giải:
1.
$x^3+3x^2-16x-48=(x^3+3x^2)-(16x+48)=x^2(x+3)-16(x+3)$
$=(x+3)(x^2-16)=(x+3)(x-4)(x+4)$
2.
$4x(x-3y)+12y(3y-x)=4x(x-3y)-12y(x-3y)=(x-3y)(4x-12y)=4(x-3y)(x-3y)=4(x-3y)^2$
3.
$x^3+2x^2-2x-1=(x^3-x^2)+(3x^2-3x)+(x-1)=x^2(x-1)+3x(x-1)+(x-1)$
$=(x-1)(x^2+3x+1)$
x2 + x + 1
= x 2 +2x +1 - x
= (x + 1 )2 - \(\sqrt{x}\)2
= ( x + 1 - \(\sqrt{x}\) ) (x + 1 + \(\sqrt{x}\))
\(x^2+x+1=\left[x^2+2.\frac{1}{2}x+\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\right]+\left(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x^2+\frac{1}{2}\right)-\left(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x^2+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\right)\left(x^2+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+\frac{1-\sqrt{3}}{2}\right)\left(x^2+\frac{1+\sqrt{3}}{2}\right)\)
Tham khảo nhé~