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2, - Để hệ phương trình có nghiệm duy nhất :
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3}{m-1}\ne\dfrac{m-1}{12}\ne\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow m\ne7\)
- Hệ PT \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{12-\left(m-1\right)y}{3}\\\left(m-1\right)x+12y=24\end{matrix}\right.\)
- Thay x từ PT ( I) vào PT ( II ) ta được :\(\dfrac{\left(m-1\right)\left(12-my+y\right)}{3}+12y=24\)
\(\Leftrightarrow12m-m^2y+my-12+my-y+36y=72\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y\left(-m^2+2m+35\right)=84-12m\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y=\dfrac{84-12m}{-m^2+2m+35}=\dfrac{12\left(7-m\right)}{\left(m+5\right)\left(m-7\right)}=-\dfrac{12}{m+5}\)
- Thay lại y vào PT ( I ) ta được : \(x=\dfrac{12+\dfrac{12\left(m-1\right)}{m+5}}{3}\)
\(=\dfrac{\dfrac{12\left(m+5\right)+12\left(m-1\right)}{m+5}}{3}=\dfrac{12\left(2m+4\right)}{3\left(m+5\right)}=\dfrac{8\left(m+2\right)}{m+5}\)
- Ta có : \(x+y=\dfrac{8\left(m+2\right)}{m+5}-\dfrac{12}{m+5}=\dfrac{8m+16-12}{m+5}=\dfrac{8m+4}{m+5}\)
- Để \(x+y>1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{8m+4-m-5}{m+5}=\dfrac{7m-1}{m+5}>0\)
- Lập bảng xét dấu :
- Từ bảng xét dấu : - Để x + y > 1 thì :
\(m\in\left(-\infty;-5\right)\cup\left(\dfrac{1}{7};+\infty\right)\backslash\left\{7\right\}\)
Vậy ...
a, - Thay m = 2 lần lượt vào x, y chứa tham số m ta được :
x = \(\dfrac{24}{7};y=\dfrac{12}{7}\)
\(8x^3-12x^2y+6xy^2-y^3=8\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-y\right)^3=8\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x-y=2\)
\(\Rightarrow y=2x-2\)
Thế xuống pt dưới:
\(\left(x^2-2x-2\right)\left(-3x^2+6x-9\right)=14\)
Đặt \(x^2-2x=t\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(t-2\right)\left(-3t-9\right)=14\)
\(\Leftrightarrow...\)
\(\left\{\begin{matrix}\frac{1\cdot3y}{4x\cdot3y}+\frac{5x}{12xy}=\frac{4\cdot4}{3xy\cdot4}\\\frac{3\cdot3y}{4x\cdot3y}-\frac{1\cdot4x}{3y\cdot4x}=\frac{-47x}{12xy}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{\begin{matrix}\frac{3y}{12xy}+\frac{5x}{12xy}=\frac{16}{12xy}\\\frac{9y}{12xy}-\frac{4x}{12xy}=\frac{-47x}{12xy}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{\begin{matrix}3y+5x=16\\9y-4x=-47x\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{\begin{matrix}5x+3y=16\\43x+9y=0\end{matrix}\right.\) ( nếu là toán violympic thì đến đây bạn có thể sử dụng MODE 5 bấm 1 rồi nhập vào bảng )
x=\(\frac{-12}{7}\)
y=\(\frac{172}{21}\)
a: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x-2y=11\\4x-5y=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x=11+2y\\4x-5y=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{2}{3}y+\dfrac{11}{3}\\4\left(\dfrac{2}{3}y+\dfrac{11}{3}\right)-5y=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{2}{3}y+\dfrac{11}{3}\\\dfrac{8}{3}y+\dfrac{44}{3}-5y=3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{2}{3}y+\dfrac{11}{3}\\-\dfrac{7}{3}y=3-\dfrac{44}{3}=-\dfrac{35}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=5\\x=\dfrac{2}{3}\cdot5+\dfrac{11}{3}=\dfrac{10}{3}+\dfrac{11}{3}=\dfrac{21}{3}=7\end{matrix}\right.\)
b: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{2}-\dfrac{y}{3}=1\\5x-8y=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}+1\\5x-8y=3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{2}{3}y+2\\5\left(\dfrac{2}{3}y+2\right)-8y=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{2}{3}y+2\\\dfrac{10}{3}y+10-8y=3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-\dfrac{14}{3}y=3-10=-7\\x=\dfrac{2}{3}y+2\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=7:\dfrac{14}{3}=7\cdot\dfrac{3}{14}=\dfrac{3}{2}\\x=\dfrac{2}{3}\cdot\dfrac{3}{2}+2=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
c: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x+5y=1\\2x-y=-8\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=2x+8\\3x+5\left(2x+8\right)=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=2x+8\\3x+10x+40=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=2x+8\\13x=-39\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\\y=2\cdot\left(-3\right)+8=8-6=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
d: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{y}=\dfrac{2}{3}\\x+y-10=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{2}{3}y\\x+y=10\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{2}{3}y+y=10\\x=\dfrac{2}{3}y\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{5}{3}y=10\\x=\dfrac{2}{3}y\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=6\\x=\dfrac{2}{3}\cdot6=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+y^2+3=4x\\x^3+12x+y^3=6x^2+9\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+y^2=1\\\left(x^3-6x^2+12x-8\right)+y^3=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-2\right)^2+y^2=1\\\left(x-2\right)^3+y^3=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đặt \(a=x-2;b=y\). Hệ phương trình trở thành:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2+b^2=1\\a^3+b^3=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2ab=\left(a+b\right)^2-1\\\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2-ab\right)=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2ab=\left(a+b\right)^2-1\\\left(a+b\right)\left(1-\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2-1}{2}\right)=1\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left[3-\left(a+b\right)^2\right]=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a+b\right)-\left(a+b\right)^3=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3-3\left(a+b\right)+2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3-\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(a+b\right)-2\left(a+b-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\left(a+b-1\right)+\left(a+b\right)\left(a+b-1\right)-2\left(a+b-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b-1\right)\left[\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(a+b\right)-2\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b-1\right)^2\left(a+b+2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a+b=1\\a+b=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Với \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=1\\a^2+b^2=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=1\\\left(a+b\right)^2-2ab=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=1\\ab=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a;b\right)=\left(0;1\right),\left(1;0\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-2;y\right)=\left(0;1\right),\left(1;0\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x;y\right)=\left(2;1\right),\left(3;0\right)\)
Với \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=-2\\a^2+b^2=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=-2\\\left(a+b\right)^2-2ab=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=-2=S\\ab=\dfrac{3}{2}=P\end{matrix}\right.\left(2\right)\)
Ta có: \(S^2-4P=\left(-2\right)^2-4.\dfrac{3}{2}=-2< 0\)
\(\Rightarrow\)Không tồn tại số a,b nào thỏa hệ phương trình (2).
Vậy nghiệm (x;y) của hpt đã cho là \(\left(2;1\right),\left(3;0\right)\)
e.
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-3y+5=0\\3x+5y-21=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}10x-15y=-25\\9x+15y=63\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}19x=38\\3x+5y=21\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=\dfrac{21-3x}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
f.
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y\sqrt{2}=0\\2x\sqrt{2}+y=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y\sqrt{2}=0\\4x+y\sqrt{2}=5\sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5x=5\sqrt{2}\\2x\sqrt{2}+y=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\sqrt{2}\\y=5-2x\sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\sqrt{2}\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
a.
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5x=-25\\3x-5y=-30\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-5\\y=\dfrac{3x+30}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-5\\y=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
b.
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}8x-6y=-10\\9x+6y=-24\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}17x=-34\\9x+6y=-24\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-2\\y=\dfrac{-24-9x}{6}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-2\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}12x+12y=1\\4x+14y=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=\dfrac{1}{12}\\x+\dfrac{7}{2}y=\dfrac{1}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{5}{2}y=\dfrac{1}{6}\\x+y=\dfrac{1}{12}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=\dfrac{1}{15}\\x+y=\dfrac{1}{12}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1}{60}\\y=\dfrac{1}{15}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy hệ phương trình có nghiệm \(x=\dfrac{1}{60},y=\dfrac{1}{15}\)