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Lời giải:
Nếu $a,b,c$ lập thành csc thì $b=a+m, c=a+2m$ với $m$ là công sai.
Khi đó:
$3(a^2+b^2+c^2)-6(a-b)^2=3[a^2+(a+m)^2+(a+2m)^2]-6(a-a-m)^2$
$=3(a^2+a^2+m^2+2am+a^2+4m^2+4am)-6m^2$
$=3(3a^2+5m^2+6am)=9a^2+15m^2+18am-6m^2$
$=9a^2+9m^2+18am$
$=9(a^2+m^2+2am)=9(a+m)^2=(3a+3m)^2$
$=(a+a+m+a+2m)^2=(a+b+c)^2$ (đpcm).
Do a;b;c;d là 1 cấp số nhân \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}ad=bc\\ac=b^2\\bd=c^2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2+\left(d-b\right)^2\)
\(=b^2+c^2-2bc+c^2+a^2-2ca+d^2+b^2-2bd\)
\(=ac+bd-2ad+bd+a^2-2ca+d^2+ac-2bd\)
\(=a^2-2ab+d^2=\left(a-d\right)^2\)
a) Gọi q là công sai của cấp số nhân. Ta có: \(a;b=aq;c=aq^2\).
\(a^2b^2c^2\left(\dfrac{1}{a^3}+\dfrac{1}{b^3}+\dfrac{1}{c^3}\right)=\dfrac{b^2c^2}{a}+\dfrac{a^2c^2}{b}+\dfrac{a^2b^2}{c}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a.q\right)^2\left(a.q^2\right)^2}{a}+\dfrac{a^2\left(aq^2\right)^2}{aq}+\dfrac{a^2\left(aq\right)^2}{aq^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2q^2a^2q^4}{a}+\dfrac{a^2a^2q^4}{aq}+\dfrac{a^2a^2q^2}{aq^2}\)
\(=a^3q^6+a^3q^3+a^3\)
\(=\left(a^2q\right)^3+\left(aq\right)^3+a^3\)
\(=c^3+b^3+a^3=a^3+b^3+c^3\).
b) Gọi q là công bội của của cấp số nhân.
Ta có: \(a;b=aq;c=aq^2;d=aq^3\).
\(\left(ab+bc+cd\right)^2=\left(a.aq+aq.aq^2+aq^2.aq^3\right)^2\)
\(=\left(a^2q+a^2q^3+a^2q^5\right)^2=a^4q^2\left(1+q^2+q^4\right)^2\). (1)
\(\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(b^2+c^2+d^2\right)\)\(=\left(a^2+a^2q^2+a^2q^4\right)\left(a^2q^2+a^2q^4+a^2q^6\right)\)
\(=a^2\left(1+q^2+q^4\right)a^2q^2\left(1+q^2+q^4\right)\)
\(=a^4q^2\left(1+q^2+q^4\right)^2\). (2)
So sánh (1) và (2) ta có điều phải chứng minh.
gọi a,b,c là 3 cạnh của tam giác.
Ta có :\(cot\left(\dfrac{A}{2}\right)+cot\left(\dfrac{C}{2}\right)=2cot\left(\dfrac{B}{2}\right)\) <=> \(\dfrac{cot\left(\dfrac{A}{2}\right)}{sin\left(\dfrac{A}{2}\right)}+\dfrac{cos\left(\dfrac{C}{2}\right)}{sin\left(\dfrac{C}{2}\right)}=\dfrac{2.cos\left(\dfrac{B}{2}\right)}{sin\left(\dfrac{B}{2}\right)}\)
<=> \(\dfrac{sin\left(\dfrac{C}{2}\right)cos\left(\dfrac{A}{2}\right)+cos\left(\dfrac{C}{2}\right)sin\left(\dfrac{A}{2}\right)}{sin\left(\dfrac{A}{2}\right).sin\left(\dfrac{C}{2}\right)}=2.\dfrac{cos\left(\dfrac{B}{2}\right)}{sin\left(\dfrac{C}{2}\right)}\)
<=> \(\dfrac{sin\left(\dfrac{A}{2}+\dfrac{C}{2}\right)}{sin\left(\dfrac{A}{2}\right)sin\left(\dfrac{C}{2}\right)}=2.\dfrac{cos\left(\dfrac{B}{2}\right)}{sin\left(\dfrac{B}{2}\right)}\) <=> \(\dfrac{cos\left(\dfrac{B}{2}\right)}{sin\left(\dfrac{A}{2}\right)sin\left(\dfrac{C}{2}\right)}=2.\dfrac{cos\left(\dfrac{B}{2}\right)}{sin\left(\dfrac{B}{2}\right)}\)
<=> \(sin\left(\dfrac{B}{2}\right).cos\left(\dfrac{B}{2}\right)=2sin\left(\dfrac{A}{2}\right)sin\left(\dfrac{C}{2}\right)cos\left(\dfrac{B}{2}\right)\)
<=> \(\dfrac{1}{2}sinB=\left[cos\left(\dfrac{A}{2}-\dfrac{C}{2}\right)-cos\left(\dfrac{A}{2}+\dfrac{C}{2}\right)\right]cos\left(\dfrac{B}{2}\right)\)
<=>\(\dfrac{1}{2}sinB=cos\left(\dfrac{A}{2}-\dfrac{C}{2}\right).cos\left(\dfrac{B}{2}\right)-sin\left(\dfrac{B}{2}\right)cos\left(\dfrac{B}{2}\right)\)
<=> \(\dfrac{1}{2}sinB=cos\left(\dfrac{A}{2}-\dfrac{C}{2}\right)sin\left(\dfrac{A}{2}+\dfrac{C}{2}\right)-\dfrac{1}{2}sinB\)
<=> sinB = \(\dfrac{1}{2}\left(sinA+sinC\right)\) <=> \(2sinB=sinA+sinC\)
<=> \(2.\dfrac{b}{2R}=\dfrac{a}{2R}+\dfrac{c}{2R}\)
<=> a+c =2b
=> 3 cạnh của tam giác tạo thành cấp số cộng.
3: Ta có \(\dfrac{1}{u_{n+1}}=\dfrac{1}{u_n}-1\).
Do đó \(\dfrac{1}{u_{100}}=\dfrac{1}{u_{99}}-1=\dfrac{1}{u_{98}}-2=...=\dfrac{1}{u_1}-99=\dfrac{1}{-2}-99=\dfrac{-199}{2}\Rightarrow u_{100}=\dfrac{-2}{199}\).
Tham khảo:
Cho abc=1CMR\(\dfrac{a+3}{\left(a+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{b+3}{\left(b+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{c+3}{\left(c+1\right)^2}\ge3\) - Hoc24
\(3=ab+bc+ca\ge3\sqrt[3]{\left(abc\right)^2}\Rightarrow abc\le1\)
\(\dfrac{1}{1+a^2\left(b+c\right)}=\dfrac{1}{1+a\left(ab+ac\right)}=\dfrac{1}{1+a\left(3-bc\right)}=\dfrac{1}{1+3a-abc}=\dfrac{1}{3a+\left(1-abc\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{3a}\)
Tương tự và cộng lại:
\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{3a}+\dfrac{1}{3b}+\dfrac{1}{3c}=\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{3abc}=\dfrac{3}{3abc}=\dfrac{1}{abc}\)
Ta chứng minh BĐT sau cho các số dương:
\(x^5+y^5\ge xy\left(x^3+y^3\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^5-x^4y+y^5-xy^4\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^4-y^4\right)\left(x-y\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge0\) (đúng)
Áp dụng:
\(\dfrac{a^5+b^5}{ab\left(a+b\right)}\ge\dfrac{ab\left(a^3+b^3\right)}{ab\left(a+b\right)}=\dfrac{a^3+b^3}{a+b}=a^2-ab+b^2\)
Tương tự và cộng lại:
\(VT\ge2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=2-\left(ab+ca+ca\right)\)
\(VT\ge4-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-2=4\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-2\)
\(VT\ge4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-2=3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-2\) (đpcm)