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Bài 1: <Cho là câu a đi>:
a. \(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{x\left(x+1\right)}=\frac{49}{50}\)
\(\rightarrow\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{x\left(x+1\right)}=\frac{49}{50}\)
\(\rightarrow1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{x}-\frac{1}{x+1}=\frac{49}{50}\)
\(\rightarrow1-\frac{1}{x+1}=\frac{49}{50}\)
\(\rightarrow\frac{1}{x+1}=1-\frac{49}{50}=\frac{1}{50}\)
\(\rightarrow x+1=50\rightarrow x=49\)
Vậy x = 49.
đặt \(\frac{x}{7}=\frac{y}{8}=\frac{z}{9}=k\Rightarrow x=7k;y=8k;z=9k\)
=>A=\(\left(7k-8k\right)\left(8k-9k\right)-\left(\frac{7k-9k}{2}\right)^2=\left(-k\right)\left(-k\right)-\left(\frac{2k}{2}\right)^2\)
=k2-k2=0
Đặt \(\frac{x}{7}=\frac{y}{8}=\frac{z}{9}=k\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=7k\\y=8k\\z=9k\end{cases}}\left(1\right)\)
Thay (1) vào: \(A=\left(7k-8k\right)\left(8k-9k\right)-\left(\frac{7k-9k}{2}\right)^2\)
\(=-k.\left(-k\right)-\left(-k\right)^2\)
\(=k^2-k^2=0\)
Vậy A =0 .
a, Đặt d là ƯCLN( 12n+1 ; 30n+2 )
Ta có : \(\left(12n+1\right)⋮d\) \(\Rightarrow5\left(12n+1\right)⋮d\)
\(\left(30n+2\right)⋮d\) \(2\left(30n+2\right)⋮d\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(60n+5-60n-4\right)⋮d\)
\(\Rightarrow1⋮d\) \(\Rightarrow d=1\)
\(\Rightarrow12n+1;30n+2\) là hai số nguyên tố cùng nhau
Vậy phân số \(\frac{12n+1}{30n+2}\) là phân số tối giản.
x=by+cz;y=ax+cz;z=ax+by
=>x+y+z=2(ax+by+cz)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x+y+z}{2}=ax+by+cz\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y+z=\frac{x+y+z}{2}+ax;z+x=\frac{x+y+z}{2}+by;x+y=\frac{x+y+z}{2}+cz\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{y+z-x}{2}=ax;\frac{z+x-y}{2}=by;\frac{x+y-z}{2}=cz\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{y+z-x}{2x}=a;\frac{z+x-y}{2y}=b;\frac{x+y-z}{2z}=c\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{1}{1+\frac{x+y-z}{2z}}+\frac{1}{1+\frac{y+z-x}{2x}}+\frac{1}{1+\frac{z+x-y}{2y}}=\frac{1}{\frac{x+y+z}{2x}}+\frac{1}{\frac{x+y+z}{2y}}+\frac{1}{\frac{x+y+z}{2z}}\)
\(=\frac{2x}{x+y+z}+\frac{2y}{x+y+z}+\frac{2z}{x+y+z}=\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{x+y+z}=2\)
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Câu 1 :
A = (2012+2) . [ ( 2012-2) : 3+1 ] : 2 = 2014 . 671 : 2 = 675697
B = \(\frac{1}{2}\). \(\frac{2}{3}\). \(\frac{3}{4}\)+...+ \(\frac{2010}{2011}\). \(\frac{2011}{2012}\)= \(\frac{1.2.3.....2010.2011}{2.3.4.....2011.2012}\)= \(\frac{1}{2012}\)
Câu 2 :
a) \(2x.\left(3y-2\right)+\left(3y-2\right)=-55\)
=> \(\left(3y-2\right).\left(2x+1\right)=-55\)
=> \(3y-2;2x+1\in\: UC\left(-55\right)\)
=> \(3y-2;2x+1=\left\{1;-1;5;-5;11;-11;55;-55\right\}\)
- Vậy ta có bảng
| \(2x+1\) | 1 | -1 | 5 | -5 | 11 | -11 | 55 | -55 |
| \(x\) | 0 | -1 | 2 | -3 | 5 | -6 | 27 | -28 |
| \(3y-2\) | -55 | 55 | -11 | 11 | -5 | 5 | -1 | 1 |
| \(3y\) | -53 | 57 | -9 | 13 | -3 | 7 | 1 | 3 |
| \(y\) | \(\frac{-53}{3}\)(loại) | 19(chọn) | -3(chọn) | \(\frac{13}{3}\)(loại) | -1(chọn) | \(\frac{7}{3}\)(loại) | \(\frac{1}{3}\)(loại) | 1(chọn) |
\(\Leftrightarrow\)Những cặp (x;y) tìm được là :
(-1;19) ; (2;-3) ; (5;-1) ; (-28;1)
b) Ta đặt vế đó là A
Ta xét A : \(\frac{1}{4^2}\)< \(\frac{1}{2.4}\)
\(\frac{1}{6^2}\)< \(\frac{1}{4.6}\)
\(\frac{1}{8^2}\)< \(\frac{1}{6.8}\)
...
\(\frac{1}{\left(2n\right)^2}\)< \(\frac{1}{\left(2n-2\right).2n}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)A < \(\frac{1}{2.4}\)+ \(\frac{1}{4.6}\)+...+ \(\frac{1}{\left(2n-2\right).2n}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)A < \(\frac{1}{2}\). ( \(\frac{2}{2.4}\)+ \(\frac{2}{4.6}\)+...+ \(\frac{2}{\left(2n-2\right).2n}\))
\(\Leftrightarrow\)A < \(\frac{1}{2}\). ( \(\frac{1}{2}\)- \(\frac{1}{4}\)+ \(\frac{1}{4}\)- \(\frac{1}{6}\)+...+ \(\frac{1}{2n-2}\)- \(\frac{1}{2n}\))
\(\Leftrightarrow\)A < \(\frac{1}{2}\). ( \(\frac{1}{2}\)- \(\frac{1}{2n}\)) = \(\frac{1}{2}\). \(\frac{1}{2}\)- \(\frac{1}{2}\). \(\frac{1}{2n}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)A < \(\frac{1}{4}\)- \(\frac{1}{4n}\)< \(\frac{1}{4}\) ( Vì n \(\in\)N )
\(\Leftrightarrow\)A < \(\frac{1}{4}\)( đpcm ) .
b \(\frac{1}{5\cdot6}+\frac{1}{6\cdot7}+...+\frac{1}{x\cdot\left(x+1\right)}=\frac{19}{100}\)
=>\(\frac{1}{5}-\frac{1}{6}+\frac{1}{6}-\frac{1}{7}+...+\frac{1}{x}-\frac{1}{x+1}=\frac{19}{100}\)
=>\(\frac{1}{5}-\frac{1}{x+1}\)\(=\frac{19}{100}\)
=>\(\frac{1}{x+1}=\frac{1}{5}-\frac{19}{100}\)
=>\(\frac{1}{x+1}=\frac{1}{100}\)
=> x+1 =100
=>x=99
b) \(\frac{1}{5.6}+\frac{1}{6.7}+...+\frac{1}{x\left(x+1\right)}=\frac{19}{100}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{5}-\frac{1}{6}+\frac{1}{6}-\frac{1}{7}+...+\frac{1}{x}-\frac{1}{x+1}=\frac{19}{100}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{5}-\frac{1}{x+1}=\frac{19}{100}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x+1}=\frac{1}{5}-\frac{19}{100}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x+1}=\frac{1}{100}\)
\(\Rightarrow x+1=100\)
\(\Rightarrow x=99\)
c) \(\frac{1}{1.3}+\frac{1}{3.5}+...+\frac{1}{x\left(x+2\right)}=\frac{49}{99}\)
\(\Rightarrow1-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{5}+...+\frac{1}{x}-\frac{1}{x+2}=\frac{49}{99}\)
\(\Rightarrow1-\frac{1}{x+2}=\frac{49}{99}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x+2}=1-\frac{49}{99}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x+2}=\frac{50}{99}\)
\(\Rightarrow50.\left(x+2\right)=99\)
\(\Rightarrow x+2=\frac{99}{50}\)
\(\Rightarrow x=-\frac{1}{99}\)
d) Ta có : 6 = 1.6 = 2.3 = (-2) . (-3)
Lâp bảng xét 6 trường hợp:
| \(2x+1\) | \(1\) | \(6\) | \(2\) | \(3\) | \(-2\) | \(-3\) |
| \(y-2\) | \(6\) | \(1\) | \(3\) | \(2\) | \(-3\) | \(-2\) |
| \(x\) | \(0\) | \(\frac{5}{2}\) | \(\frac{1}{2}\) | \(1\) | \(-\frac{3}{2}\) | \(-2\) |
| \(y\) | \(8\) | \(3\) | \(5\) | \(4\) | \(-1\) | \(0\) |
Vậy các cặp (x,y) \(\inℤ\)thỏa mãn là : (0;4) ; (1; 4) ; (-2 ; 0)
e) \(x^2-3xy+3y-x=1\)
\(\Rightarrow x\left(x-3y\right)+3y-x=1\)
\(\Rightarrow x\left(x-3y\right)-\left(x-3y\right)=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-3y\right)\left(x-1\right)=1\)
Lại có : 1 = 1.1 = (-1) . (-1)
Lập bảng xét các trường hợp :
| \(x-1\) | \(1\) | \(-1\) |
| \(x-3y\) | \(1\) | \(-1\) |
| \(x\) | \(2\) | \(0\) |
| \(y\) | \(\frac{1}{3}\) | \(\frac{1}{3}\) |
Vậy các cặp(x,y) thỏa mãn là : \(\left(2;\frac{1}{3}\right);\left(0;\frac{1}{3}\right)\)
\(\frac{2x+3y}{x-y}=\frac{2}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3.\left(2x+3y\right)=2.\left(x-y\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow6x+9y=2x-2y\)
\(\Leftrightarrow6x-2x=-2y-9y\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x=-11y\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x}{y}=\frac{-11}{4}\)
\(\frac{2x+3y}{x-y}=\frac{2}{3}\)
\(\rightarrow\left(2x+3y\right)\cdot3=\left(x-y\right)\cdot2\)
\(\rightarrow6x+9y=2x-2y\)
\(\rightarrow6x-2x=-9y-2y\)
\(\rightarrow4x=-11y\)
Suy ngược lại
\(\Rightarrow\frac{4}{-11}=\frac{x}{y}\)