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2.+ \(\left(2n+1\right)^2=4n^2+4n+1>4n^2+4n\)
\(\Rightarrow2n+1>\sqrt{4n\left(n+1\right)}=2\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}\)
+ \(\frac{1}{\left(2n+1\right)\left(\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}\right)}=\frac{\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\right)}{\left(2n+1\right)\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{2n+1}< \frac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{2\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
Do đó : \(A< \frac{1}{2}\left(1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{48}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{49}}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \frac{1}{2}\)
1. + \(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}=\frac{\left(n+1\right)-n}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}=\frac{\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\right)}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}\)
\(< \frac{\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)\cdot2\sqrt{n+1}}{\sqrt{n}\left(n+1\right)}=2\cdot\frac{n+1-\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}=2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
Do đó : \(A< 2\left(1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2012}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2013}}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A< 2\)
Bài 2 tạm thời chưa nghĩ ra :))
\(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}=\frac{\sqrt{n}}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}\right)=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
\(< \sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}\right)=2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow N< 2\left(\frac{1}{1}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2011}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2012}}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow N< 2\left(1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2012}}\right)< 2\)
Đặt B là tên biểu thức
Với mọi n thuộc N*, ta có:
\(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}=\frac{\sqrt{n}}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}\right)=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
\(=\left(1+\frac{\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)< 2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\) (*)
Áp dụng (*), ta được:
\(B< 2\left(1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{4}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2011}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2012}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2012}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2013}}\right)\)
\(=2\left(1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2013}}\right)=2-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2013}}< 2\)
a) \(\sqrt{17}-4\) b) \(\sqrt{3}\) c) \(\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\) d)\(\frac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}-1}\) e) \(x-\sqrt{5}\)
f) \(4+2\sqrt{3}\) g) \(3+2\sqrt{2}\) h) \(x+\sqrt{x}+1\) i) \(\frac{3\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{15}}{10}\)
k) \(\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{6}\) i) 5 h) 0 l) \(\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{3}\) m) \(\frac{20\sqrt{3}}{3}\) d) 0
chỗ \(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n+1}\)phải là \(\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}\)
a, Ta có
\(\frac{2}{\left(2n+1\right)\left(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n+1}\right)}=\frac{2\cdot\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)}{\left(2n+1\right)\left(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n+1}\right)\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{2\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)}{2n+1}=\frac{2\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)}{\sqrt{4n^2+4n+1}}< \frac{2\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)}{\sqrt{4n^2+4n}}\)
mà \(\frac{2\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)}{\sqrt{4n^2+4n}}=\frac{2\cdot\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)}{2\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}}=\frac{\sqrt{n+1}}{\sqrt{n}\cdot\sqrt{n+1}}-\frac{\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n}\cdot\sqrt{n+1}}\)
\(=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)
b, áp dụng bđt ta có
\(\frac{1}{3\left(1+\sqrt{2}\right)}+\frac{1}{5\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}\right)}+...+\frac{1}{4023\cdot\left(\sqrt{2011}+\sqrt{2012}\right)}< \frac{2011}{2013}\)
\(=\frac{1}{\left(2\cdot1+1\right)\left(1+\sqrt{2}\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(2\cdot2+1\right)\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}\right)}+...+\frac{1}{\left(2\cdot2011+1\right)\left(\sqrt{2011}-\sqrt{2012}\right)}\)
\(< 1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+....+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2011}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2012}}\)..
\(=1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2012}}=\frac{\sqrt{2012}-1}{\sqrt{2012}}=\frac{2011}{\sqrt{2012}\cdot\left(\sqrt{2012}+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{2011}{2012+\sqrt{2012}}< \frac{2011}{2013}\)
a) Ta có:
5√15+12√20+√5515+1220+5
=√52.15+√(12)2.20+√5=√25.15+√14.20+√5=√255+√204+√5=√5+√5+√5=(1+1+1)√5=3√5=52.15+(12)2.20+5=25.15+14.20+5=255+204+5=5+5+5=(1+1+1)5=35
b) Ta có:
√12+√4,5+√12,512+4,5+12,5
=√12+√92+√252=√12+√9.12+√25.12=√12+√32.12+√52.12=√12+3√12+5√12=(1+3+5).√12=9√12=91√2=9.√22=9√22=12+92+252=12+9.12+25.12=12+32.12+52.12=12+312+512=(1+3+5).12=912=912=9.22=922
c) Ta có:
√20−√45+3√18+√72=√4.5−√9.5+3√9.2+√36.2=√22.5−√32.5+3√32.2+√62.2=2√5−3√5+3.3√2+6√2=2√5−3√5+9√2+6√2=(2√5−3√5)+(9√2+6√2)=(2−3)√5+(9+6)√2=−√5+15√2=15√2−√520−45+318+72=4.5−9.5+39.2+36.2=22.5−32.5+332.2+62.2=25−35+3.32+62=25−35+92+62=(25−35)+(92+62)=(2−3)5+(9+6)2=−5+152=152−5
d) Ta có:
0,1√200+2√0,08+0,4.√50=0,1√100.2+2√0,04.2+0,4√25.2=0,1√102.2+2√0,22.2+0,4√52.2=0,1.10√2+2.0,2√2+0,4.5√2=1√2+0,4√2+2√2=(1+0,4+2)√2=3,4√2
a/ \(D\sqrt{2}=\sqrt{4-2\sqrt{3}}+\sqrt{4+2\sqrt{3}}=\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)^2}\)
\(=\sqrt{3}-1+\sqrt{3}+1=2\sqrt{3}\Rightarrow D=\frac{2\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{2}}=\sqrt{6}\)
b/\(2E=\sqrt[3]{8\sqrt{5}-16}+\sqrt[3]{8\sqrt{5}+16}\)
\(=\sqrt[3]{5\sqrt{5}-3.5.1+3\sqrt{5}-1}+\sqrt[3]{5\sqrt{5}+3.5.1+3\sqrt{5}+1}\)
\(=\sqrt[3]{\left(\sqrt{5}-1\right)^3}+\sqrt[3]{\left(\sqrt{5}+1\right)^3}=\sqrt{5}-1+\sqrt{5}+1=2\sqrt{5}\)
\(\Rightarrow E=\sqrt{5}\)
c/
\(F=\sqrt[3]{182+25\sqrt{53}}+\sqrt[3]{182-25\sqrt{53}}\)
\(F^3=364+3F\sqrt[3]{182^2-33125}=364-3F\)
\(\Leftrightarrow F^3+3F-364=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(F-7\right)\left(F^2+7F+52\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow F=7\)
Bài 2:
a/ \(C=\frac{\sqrt{2}-1}{\left(\sqrt{2}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)}+\frac{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}{\left(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}\right)\left(\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}\right)}+\frac{\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3}}{\left(\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3}\right)\left(\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{3}\right)}\)
\(=\sqrt{2}-1+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3}\)
\(=\sqrt{4}-1=2-1=1\)
\(F=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2012}+\sqrt{2011}}\)
\(F=\frac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}}{\left(\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}\right)\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}\right)}+\frac{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}{\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}\right)\left(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}\right)}+...+\frac{\sqrt{2012}-\sqrt{2011}}{\left(\sqrt{2012}+\sqrt{2011}\right)\left(\sqrt{2012}-\sqrt{2011}\right)}\)
\(F=\frac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}}{2-1}+\frac{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}{3-2}+...+\frac{\sqrt{2012}-\sqrt{2011}}{2012-2011}\)
\(F=\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+...+\sqrt{2012}-\sqrt{2011}\)
\(F=\sqrt{2012}-\sqrt{1}\)
\(F=\sqrt{2012}-1\)