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\(=>Im=I1=I2=I3=I4=\dfrac{U}{RTd}=\dfrac{100}{R1+\dfrac{R1}{2}+\dfrac{R1}{3}+\dfrac{R1}{4}}\)
\(=\dfrac{100}{\dfrac{24R1+12R1+8R1+6R1}{24}}=\dfrac{2400}{50R1}\left(A\right)\)
\(=>U1=I1.R1=\dfrac{2400}{50}=48V\)
\(=>U2=I2.R2=\dfrac{2400}{50R1}.\dfrac{R1}{2}=24V\)
\(=>U3=I3.R3=\dfrac{2400}{50.3}=16V\)
\(=>U4=I4.R4=\dfrac{2400}{50.4}=12V\)
theo bài ra \(=>R1ntR2ntR3ntR4\)
\(=>Rtd=R1+R2+R3+R4\)
\(=R1+\dfrac{R1}{2}+\dfrac{R1}{3}+\dfrac{R1}{4}=\dfrac{24R1+12R1+8R1+6R1}{24}\)
\(=\dfrac{50R1}{24}\left(om\right)\)
\(=>Im=\dfrac{50}{Rtd}=\dfrac{50}{\dfrac{50R1}{24}}=\dfrac{24}{R1}A=I1=I2=I3=I4\)
\(=>U1=I1.R1=\dfrac{24}{R1}.R1=24V\)
\(=>U2=I2.R2=\dfrac{24}{R1}.\dfrac{R1}{2}=12V\)
\(=>U3=I3.R3=\dfrac{24}{R1}.\dfrac{R1}{3}=8V\)
\(=>U4=I4.R4=\dfrac{24}{R1}.\dfrac{R1}{4}=6V\)
\(R_{tđ}=R_1+R_2+R_3+R_4=10R_1\left(\Omega\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow I_1=I_2=I_3=I_4=\dfrac{U}{R_{tđ}}=\dfrac{50}{10R_1}=\dfrac{5}{R_1}\)
\(\Rightarrow U_1=I_1.R_1=\dfrac{5}{R_1}.R_1=5\left(V\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow U_2=I_2.R_2=\dfrac{5}{R_1}.R_2=\dfrac{5}{R_1}.2R_1=10\left(V\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow U_3=I_3.R_3=\dfrac{5}{R_1}.R_3=\dfrac{5}{R_1}.3R_3=15\left(V\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow U_2=50-5-10-15=20\left(V\right)\)
ta có I3=\(\frac{7.5}{5}=1.5\)(A) vì mắc nối tiếp nên I1=I2=I3=1.5(A) từ đó suy ra U1,U2
\(I=I1=I2=I3=U3:R3=7,5:5=1,5A\left(R1ntR2ntR3\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}U1=I1\cdot R1=1,5\cdot4=6V\\U2=I2\cdot R2=1,5\cdot3=4,5V\\U=U1+U2+U3=6+4,5+7,5=18V\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(R_{tđ}=R_1+R_2+R_3=4+3+5=12\Omega\)
\(U_3=7,5V\Rightarrow I_3=1,5A\)
\(\Rightarrow I_m=I_1=I_2=I_3=1,5A\)
\(\Rightarrow U_1=1,5\cdot4=6V\)
\(U_2=1,5\cdot3=4,5V\)
\(U_m=U_1+U_2+U_3=6+4,5+7,5=18V\)
\(MCD:\left(R2//R3\right)ntR1\)
\(\rightarrow R=\dfrac{R2\cdot R3}{R2+R3}+R1=\dfrac{10\cdot12}{10+12}+10=\dfrac{170}{11}\Omega\)
\(I=I1=I23=U:R=24:\dfrac{170}{11}=\dfrac{132}{85}A\)
\(\rightarrow U1=I1\cdot R1=\dfrac{132}{85}\cdot10=\dfrac{264}{17}V\)
\(\rightarrow U23=U2=U3=U-U1=24-\dfrac{264}{17}=\dfrac{144}{17}V\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}I2=U2:R2=\dfrac{144}{17}:10=\dfrac{72}{85}A\\I3=U3:R3=\dfrac{144}{17}:12=\dfrac{12}{17}A\end{matrix}\right.\)
Điện trở tương đương của mạch điện:
\(R_{tđ}=R_1+R_2+R_3=3+5+4=12\left(\Omega\right)\)
b, Đổi 500mA=0,5A
Hiệu điện thế giữa 2 đầu đoạn mạch
\(U=R_{tđ}\cdot I=12\cdot0,5=6\left(V\right)\)
c,Hiệu điện thế giữa hai đầu mỗi điện trở thành phần
\(I=I_1=I_2=I_3=0,5\left(A\right)\)
\(U_1=R_1I_1=3\cdot0,5=1,5\left(V\right)\)
\(U_2=R_2I_2=5\cdot0,5=2,5\left(V\right)\)
\(U_3=R_3I_3=4\cdot0,5=2\left(V\right)\)
không có hình vẽ mà tui thấy bài 4: đoạn mạnh nối tiếp nên chắc 5 điện trở nối tiếp chăng?
R1 nt R2 nt R3 nt R4 nt R5
\(=>Im=I1=I2=I3=I4=I5=\dfrac{U}{R1+R2+R3+R4+R5}\)
\(=\dfrac{5}{R1+\dfrac{R1}{2}+\dfrac{R1}{3}+\dfrac{R1}{4}+\dfrac{R1}{5}}=\dfrac{5}{\dfrac{120R1+60R1+40R1+30R1+24R1}{120}}\)
\(=\dfrac{5}{\dfrac{274R1}{120}}=\dfrac{600}{274R1}=\dfrac{300}{137R1}A\)
\(=>U1=I1.R1=\dfrac{300}{137}V\)
\(=>U2=I2R2=\dfrac{300}{137.2}=\dfrac{150}{137}V\)
\(=>U3=\dfrac{300}{137.3}=\dfrac{100}{137}V\)
\(=>U4=\dfrac{300}{137.4}=\dfrac{75}{137}V\)
\(=>U5=\dfrac{300}{137.5}=\dfrac{60}{137}V\)