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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
2A + 2nHCl → 2ACln + nH2↑ (1)
mNaOH = 50 . 8% = 4g
nNaOH = \(\frac{4}{40}\) = 0,1 mol
NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O
0,1 → 0,1 → 0,1
mNaCl = 0,1 . 58,5 = 5,85 (g)
\(m_Y=\frac{5,85}{5,71}.100\%=102,45\left(g\right)\)
Bảo toàn khối lượng:
mX + mNaOH = mY
→ mX = 102,45 - 50 = 52,45 (g)
mA + mdd HCl = mX + mH2
→ mH2 = 2,7 + 50 - 52,45 = 0,25 (g)
nH2 = 0,25 : 2 = 0,125 mol
Theo (1): nA =\(\frac{2}{n}\)nH2 = \(\frac{0,25}{n}\)mol
\(M_A=\frac{2,7}{\frac{0,25}{n}}=10,8n\)
Tự tính tiếp
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Câu 3. Hòa tan 13,7 gam Ba trong 250ml H2O (D = 1,008 g/ml) thu được dung dịch X và khí Y (đktc)
a) Tính C% của dung dịch X.
b) Lấy 212,4 gam dung dịch X tác dụng với 14,7 gam dung dịch H2SO440% thu được dung dịch Z. Tìm C% các chất tan trong Z.
Giải :
\(a)n_{Ba}=\dfrac{13,7}{137}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ Ba+H_2O\rightarrow Ba\left(OH\right)_2+H_2\\ n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{H_2}=n_{Ba}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\m_{H_2}=0,1.2=0,2\left(g\right)\\ m_{H_2O}=250.1,008=252\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddsaupu}=13,7+252-0,2=265,5\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{0,1.171}{265,5}.100=\dfrac{380}{59\%}= 6,44\%\\b)n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{212,4.\dfrac{380}{59}\%}{171} =0,08\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{14,7.40\%}{98}=0,06\left(mol\right)\\ Ba\left(OH\right)_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4+2H_2O\\ Lậptỉlệ:\dfrac{0,08}{1}>\dfrac{0,06}{2}\Rightarrow Ba\left(OH\right)_2dư\\ n_{BaSO_4}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,06\left(mol\right)\\ m_{ddsaupu}=212,4+14,7-0,06.233=213,12\left(g\right)\\ n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2pư}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,06\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2dư}=0,08-0,06=0,02\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2dư}=\dfrac{0,02.171}{213,12}.100=1,61\%\)
5. \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\\ Fe_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\\ n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1.56}{37,6}.100=14,89\%;\%m_{Fe_2O_3}=100-14,89=85,11\%\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
mCu = mY = 9,6 (g)
Gọi số mol Al, Mg là a, b
=> 27a + 24b = 14,7 - 9,6 = 5,1 (g)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
a-->3a-------->a------>1,5a
Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
b--->2b------->b----->b
=> 1,5a + b = 0,25
=> a = 0,1; b = 0,1
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg}=0,1.24=2,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Cu}=9,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) nHCl(PTHH) = 3a + 2b = 0,5 (mol)
=> nHCl(thực tế) = \(\dfrac{0,5.120}{100}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(C_{M\left(HCl\right)}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,2}=3M\)
c) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M\left(AlCl_3\right)}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5M\\C_{M\left(MgCl_2\right)}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5M\\C_{M\left(HCldư\right)}=\dfrac{0,6-0,5}{0,2}=0,5M\end{matrix}\right.\)
d) \(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{9,6}{64}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(Cu+Cl_2\underrightarrow{t^o}CuCl_2\)
0,15-->0,15
=> \(V_{Cl_2}=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{200.14,6\%}{36,5}=0,8\left(mol\right)\\ Đặt:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ Tacó:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}65x+24y=12,5\\x+y=0,35\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow m_{Zn}=6,5\left(g\right);m_{Mg}=6\left(g\right)\\ b.Tacó:BTNT\left(H\right):n_{HCl}.1>n_{H_2}.2\\ \Rightarrow HCldưsauphảnứng\\ Dungdịchsauphảnứnggồm:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}ZnCl_2:0,1\left(mol\right)\\MgCl_2:0,25\left(mol\right)\\HCl_{dư}:0,8-0,7=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ m_{ddsaupu}=200+12,5-0,35.2=212,8\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1.136}{212,8}.100=6,39\%;C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,25.95}{212,8}.100=11,16\%;C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,1.36,5}{212,8}.100=1,72\%\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=n_{MgCl_2}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=n_{FeCl_2}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow24a+56b=5,12\) (1)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,688}{22,4}=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn electron: \(2a+2b=0,24\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=n_{MgCl_2}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\b=n_{FeCl_2}=0,07\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(n_{HCl\left(p/ứ\right)}=2n_{MgCl_2}+2n_{FeCl_2}=0,24\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(NaOH+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=n_{NaOH}=0,06\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{HCl}=0,3\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,3\cdot36,5}{36,5\%}=30\left(g\right)\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{H_2}=0,12\cdot2=0,24\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_{KL}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=34,88\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,07\cdot127}{34,88}\cdot100\%\approx25,49\%\\C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,05\cdot95}{34,88}\cdot100\%\approx13,62\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,04\cdot36,5}{34,88}\cdot100\%\approx4,19\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Giả sử số mol của HCl là 1 mol
PTHH: \(HCl+NaOH\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{NaCl}=n_{NaOH}=1mol=n_{HCl}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{36,5}{7,3\%}=500\left(g\right)\\m_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{40}{20\%}=200\left(g\right)\\m_{NaCl}=1\cdot58,5=58,5\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{NaCl}=\dfrac{58,5}{200+500}\cdot100\%\approx8,36\%\)
Vậy nồng độ phần trăm chất tan là 8,36%
NaOH = 0,1 mol => HCl dư 0,1 mol và NaCl = 0,1 mol
=> khối lượng dd Y = 0,1. 58,5: 5,71% = 102,452
BTKL => mH2 = 2,7+50+50 - 102,452 = 0,248g
=> Số mol H2 = 0,124 mol
=> HCl pư = 0,248 mol
=> tổng HCl = 0,348 mol
=> C% của HCl = 0,348. 36,5: 50 = 25,404%.
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