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\(a,\) Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(g\right)\\ PTHH:2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
Theo đề ta có HPT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+24y=7,5\\1,5x+y=0,35\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\left(mol\right)\\y=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,1\cdot27=2,7\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg}=7,5-2,7=4,8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(b,n_{HCl}=3n_{Al}+2n_{Mg}=0,3+0,4=0,7\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{CT_{HCl}}=0,7\cdot36,5=25,55\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{25,55\cdot100\%}{14,6\%}=175\left(g\right)\)
CuO +H2-->Cu+H2O
x(80x)------x(64x)
Fe2O3+3H2--->2Fe+3H2O
160y--------------112y
Theo bài ra ta có hệ pt
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}80x+160y=24\\64x+112y=17,6\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
%m\(_{CuO}=\frac{80.0,1}{24}.100\%=33,33\%\)
%m\(_{Fe2O3}=100-33,33=66,67\%\)
Gọi số mol Al2O3 và ZnO có trong hỗn hợp lần lượt là x và y (x,y>0)
\(m_{hh}=m_{Al2O3}+m_{ZnO}=102x+81y=36,6\left(I\right)\)
\(m_{HCl}=14,6\%.400=58,4\left(g\right)\rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{58,4}{36,5}=1,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(Al2O3+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl3+3H2O\left(1\right)\)
\(ZnO+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl2+H2O\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right)\rightarrow n_{HCl}=n_{Al2O3}.6+n_{ZnO}.2=6x+2y=1,6\left(II\right)\)
Giải hệ (I) và (II) ta được : \(x=y=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
a) xđ % Klg mỗi oxit trong hh bđ
\(m_{Al2O3}=102.0,2=20,4\left(g\right)\rightarrow\%m_{Al2O3}=\dfrac{20,4}{36,6}.100\%=55,74\left(\%\right)\)
\(\%m_{ZnO}=100\%-55,74\%=44,26\%\)
b) xđ C% các chất trong ddx
Sau (1) và (2) ta thu được dung dịch gồm:\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}AlCl3:0,4\left(mol\right)\\ZnCl2:0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{AlCl3\left(dd\right)}=0,4.133,5=53,4\left(g\right)\\m_{ZnCl2}=0,2.136=27,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{dd}=36,6+400=436,6\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{AlCl3}=\dfrac{53,4}{436,6}.100\%=12,23\left(\%\right)\)
\(C\%_{ZnCl2}=\dfrac{27,2}{436,6}.100\%=6,115\left(\%\right)\)
PTHH: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
2a______3a__________a_______3a (mol)
\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
b_______b________b______b (mol)
Ta lập HPT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27\cdot2a+24b=7,8\\3a+b=\dfrac{200\cdot19,6\%}{98}=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=0,1\cdot24=2,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=5,4\left(g\right)\\n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{MgSO_4}\\n_{H_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{H_2}=0,4\cdot2=0,8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{KL}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=207\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot342}{207}\cdot100\%\approx16,52\%\\C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot120}{207}\cdot100\%\approx5,8\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\text{Đặt }n_{Al}=x(mol);n_{Fe}=y(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 27x+56y=13,9(1)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35(mol)\\ a,PTHH:2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2(1)\\ Fe+2HCl\to FeCl_2+H_2(2)\\ b,\text{Từ 2 PT: }1,5x+y=0,35(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow x=0,1(mol);y=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7(g)\\ m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2(g)\)
\(c,n_{HCl(1)}=3n_{Al}=0,3(mol);n_{AlCl_3}=0,1(mol);n_{H_2(1)}=0,15(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{HCl(1)}}=\dfrac{0,3.36,5}{14,6\%}=75(g)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,1.133,5}{2,7+75-0,15.2}.100\%=17,25\%\)
\(n_{HCl(2)}=2n_{Fe}=0,4(mol);n_{FeCl_2}=n_{H_2(2)}=n_{Fe}=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m{dd_{HCl(2)}}=\dfrac{0,4.36,5}{14,6\%}=100(g)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2.127}{11,2+100-0,2.2}.100\%=22,92\%\)
a) 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
b) Gọi số mol Al, Fe lần lượt là a,b
=> 27a + 56b = 13,9
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(mol\right)\)
2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
a----->3a--------->a------->1,5a______(mol)
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
b------>2b-------->b----->b__________(mol)
=> 1,5a + b = 0,35
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1=>m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7\left(g\right)\\b=0,2=>m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) nHCl = 3a + 2b = 0,7 (mol)
=> mHCl = 0,7.36,5 = 25,55(g)
=> \(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{25,55.100}{14,6}=175\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{dd\left(saupu\right)}=13,9+175-2.0,35=188,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{AlCl_3}=0,1.133,5=13,35\left(g\right)\\m_{FeCl_2}=0,2.127=25,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%\left(AlCl_3\right)=\dfrac{13,35}{188,2}.100\%=7,1\%\\C\%\left(FeCl_2\right)=\dfrac{25,4}{188,2}.100\%=13,5\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4mol\\ n_{Al}=a;n_{Mg}=b\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1,5a+b=0,4\\27a+24b=7,8\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow a=0,2;b=0,1\\ \%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2.27}{7,8}\cdot100=69,23\%\\ \%m_{Mg}=100-69,23=30,77\%\)
Giả sử R hóa trị II
\(R(OH)_2\xrightarrow{t^o}RO+H_2O\\
4,9a.........4a(g)\)
Bảo toàn KL ta có: \(m_{H_2O}=0,9a\Rightarrow n_{H_2O}=0,05a(mol)\)
\(\Rightarrow M_{R(OH)_2}=\dfrac{4,9a}{0,05a}=98\\ \Rightarrow M_R=64(g/mol)(Cu)\)
Giả sử R hóa trị III
\(2R(OH)_3\xrightarrow{t^o}R_2O_3+3H_2O\\ 4,9a.........4a.......0,9a(g)\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2O}=0,05a\Rightarrow n_{R(OH)_3}=\dfrac{1}{30}a(mol)\\ \Rightarrow M_{R(OH)_3}=\dfrac{4,9a}{\dfrac{1}{30}a}=147\\ \Rightarrow M_R=96(g/mol)(loại)\)
Sơ đồ p/ứ:
\(Cu(OH)_2\xrightarrow{H_2SO_4}CuSO_4+\begin{cases} Fe:x+y\\ Mg:z \end{cases}\rightarrow \begin{cases} Cu:y+z\\ Fe(dư):x\\ FeSO_4:y\\ MgSO_4:z \end{cases}\\\xrightarrow{NaOH}\begin{cases} Fe(OH)_2:y\\ Mg(OH)_2:z \end{cases}\xrightarrow{t^o}\begin{cases} Fe_2O_3:0,5y\\ MgO:z \end{cases}\)
Từ sơ đồ ta có hệ: \(\begin{cases} 56x+56y+24z=16\\ 56x+64y+64z=24,8\\ 80y+40z=16 \end{cases}\Rightarrow \begin{cases} x=0,1(mol)\\ y=0,1(mol)\\ z=0,2(mol) \end{cases}\)
\(\Rightarrow a=\dfrac{(64+17.2)(y+z)}{4,9}=6(g)\\ m_{Fe(A)}=(0,1+0,1).56=11,2(g)\\ m_{Mg}=0,2.24=4,8(g)\\ \Rightarrow \begin{cases} \%_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{16}.100\%=70\%\\ \%_{Mg}=100\%-70\%=30\% \end{cases}\)
a) Gọi số mol Mg, Al, Fe trong m gam hỗn hợp là a, b, c (mol)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
_______a--------------------->a------->a_______(mol)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
_b-------------------->b------->1,5b___________(mol)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
_c------------------>c------->c_______________(mol)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+1,5b+c=0,35\left(1\right)\\95a+133,5b+127c=35,55\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác:
PTHH: \(Mg+Cl_2\underrightarrow{t^o}MgCl_2\)
_______a--------------->a_________(mol)
\(2Al+3Cl_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2AlCl_3\)
_b----------------->b______________(mol)
\(2Fe+3Cl_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2FeCl_3\)
_c------------------>c______________(mol)
=> 95a + 133,5b + 162,5 = 39,1 (3)
(1)(2)(3) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\left(mol\right)\\b=0,1\left(mol\right)\\c=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> m = 24.0,1 + 27.01 + 56.0,1 = 10,7(g)
b) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=24.0,1=2,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=27.0,1=2,7\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=56.0,1=5,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
2Al+3H2SO4--->Al2(SO4)3+3H2
x------1,5x
Mg+H2SO4----->MgSO4+H2
y-----y
n\(_{H2SO4}=\frac{39,2}{98}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Theo bài ra ta có pt
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+24y=7,8\\1,5x+y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
%m\(_{Al}=\frac{0,2.27}{7,8}.100\%=69,23\%\)
%m\(_{Mg}=100-69,23=30,77\%\)