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a)\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1mol\)
\(2Na+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH+H_2\)
0,2 0,1
\(NaO+H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH\)
b)\(m_{Na}=0,2\cdot23=4,6g\)
\(m_{NaO}=m_{hh}-m_{Na}=40,5-4,6=35,9g\)
c)\(n_{NaO}=\dfrac{35,9}{39}=0,92mol\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=2n_{NaO}=1,84mol\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{NaOH}=1,84\cdot40=73,6g\)
\(Fe_2O_3+3H_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2Fe+3H_2O\\ CuO+H_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)Cu+H_2O\\ Đặt:n_{Fe_2O_3}=a\left(mol\right);n_{CuO}=b\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\\ m_{hhoxit}=k\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow\left(1\right)160a+80b=k\\ \left(2\right)112a+64b=0,72k\\ \Rightarrow6,4a=12,8b\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{12,8}{6,4}=\dfrac{2}{1}\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{160.2}{160.2+80.1}.100=80\%\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{CuO}=20\%\)
\(2Mg+O_2-^{t^o}\rightarrow2MgO\\ 2Cu+O_2-^{t^o}\rightarrow2CuO\\ Đặt:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=x\left(g\right)\\m_{Cu}=y\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=\dfrac{x}{24}\left(mol\right)\\n_{Cu}=\dfrac{x}{64}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ TheoPT:\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgO}=\dfrac{x}{24}\left(mol\right)\\n_{CuO}=\dfrac{x}{64}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ Tacó:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=24\\\dfrac{x}{24}.40=25\%.\left(\dfrac{x}{24}.40+\dfrac{y}{64}.80\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=12\\y=12\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đặt nAl = a (mol)
=> nMg = 2a (mol)
=> 27a + 24 . 2a = 15
=> a = nAl = 0,2 (mol)
nMg = 0,2 . 2 = 0,4 (mol)
mAl = 0,2 . 27 = 5,4 (g)
mMg = 0,4 . 24 = 9,6 (g)
%mAl = \(\dfrac{5,4}{15}=36\%\)
%mMg = 100% - 36% = 64%
PTHH:
2Al + 6HCl -> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,2 ---> 0,6 ---------------> 0,3
Mg + 2HCl -> MgCl2 + H2
0,4 ---> 0,8 --------------> 0,4
=> VH2 = (0,3 + 0,4) . 22,4 =15,68 (l)
=> mHCl = (0,6 + 0,8) . 36,5 = 51,1 (g)
Bài 3 :
\(a) n_{CuO} = a(mol) ; n_{Fe_2O_3} = b(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 80a + 160b = 36(1)\\ CuO + H_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} Cu + H_2O\\ Fe_2O_3 + 3H_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Fe + H_2O\\ n_{Cu} = n_{CuO} = a(mol)\\ n_{Fe} = 2n_{Fe_2O_3} = 2b(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 64a = 4.2b.56(2)\\ (1)(2) \Rightarrow a = 0,35 ; b = 0,05\\ m_{CuO} = 0,35.80 = 28(gam)\\ m_{Fe_2O_3} = 0,05.160 = 8(gam)\\ b) n_{H_2} = a + 3b = 0,5(mol) \Rightarrow V_{H_2} = 0,5.22,4 = 11,2(lít)\)
\(c) Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2\\ n_{HCl} = 2n_{Fe} = 0,1.2 = 0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{0,2.36,5}{10,95\%} = 66,67(gam)\)
Bài 4 :
\(a) Zn + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2\\ n_{H_2} = n_{Zn} = \dfrac{1,95}{65} = 0,03(mol)\\ V_{H_2} = 0,03.22,4= 0,672(lít)\\ b) n_{HCl} =2 n_{H_2} = 0,06(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{HCl} = \dfrac{0,06.36,5}{120}.100\% = 1,825\%\\ m_{dd\ sau\ pư} = 1,95 + 120 - 0,03.2 = 121,89(gam)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{ZnCl_2} = \dfrac{0,03.136}{121,89}.100\% = 3,35\%\)
a, Ta có : \(\dfrac{n_{Al}}{n_{Mg}}=\dfrac{2}{1}\)
Mà \(m_{hh}=m_{Al}+m_{Mg}=27n_{Al}+24n_{Mg}=7,8\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=0,2\\n_{Mg}=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\) mol
b, Ta có : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=n.M=5,4\\m_{Mg}=n.M=2,4\end{matrix}\right.\) g
Vậy ...
Gọi \(n_{Fe}=a\left(mol\right)\rightarrow n_{Mg}=\dfrac{1}{1}.a=a\left(mol\right)\)
\(\rightarrow n_{Zn}=0,3-a-a=0,3-2a\left(mol\right)\)
\(\rightarrow65\left(0,3-2a\right)+56a+24a=13\\ \Leftrightarrow a=0,13\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=n_{Mg}=0,13\left(mol\right)\\n_{Zn}=0,3-0,13.2=0,04\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{56.0,13}{13}.100\%=56\%\\\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{24.0,13}{13}.100\%=24\%\\\%m_{Zn}=100\%-56\%-25\%=20\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH:
Fe + 2HCl ---> FeCl2 + H2
Zn + 2HCl ---> ZnCl2 + H2
Mg + 2HCl ---> MgCl2 + H2
Theo pthh: nH2 = nkim loại = 0,3 (mol)
\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{80}{80}=1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CuO + H2 --to--> Cu + H2O
LTL: 1 > 0,3 => CuO dư
Chất rắn sau pư gồm: CuO dư, Cu
Theo pthh: nCuO (pư) = nCu = nH2 = 0,3 (mol)
=> mchất rắn = 80,(1 - 0,3) + 64.0,3 = 75,2 (g)
a, - MgO không bị khử bởi H2.
PT: \(CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{CuO}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{CuO}=0,1.80=8\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{MgO}=16-8=8\left(g\right)\)
b, Ta có: \(\%m_{CuO}=\%m_{MgO}=\dfrac{8}{16}.100=50\%\)
c, Theo PT: \(n_{Cu}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=0,1.64=6,4\left(g\right)\)