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\(P=\frac{1}{x^2+y^2+z^2}+\frac{2009}{xy+yz+zx}=\frac{1}{x^2+y^2+z^2}+\frac{1}{xy+yz+zx}+\frac{1}{xy+yz+zx}+\frac{2007}{xy+yz+zx}\)
\(P\ge\frac{9}{x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy+2yz+2zx}+\frac{2007}{\frac{1}{3}\left(x+y+z\right)^2}\)
\(P\ge\frac{9}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}+\frac{6021}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}=\frac{6030}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}\ge\frac{6030}{3^2}=670\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\)
Áp dụng BĐT Côsi dưới dạng engel, ta có:
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\ge\frac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{x+y+z}=\frac{9}{x+y+z}\)
⇒\(\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\left(x+y+z\right)\ge\left(x+y+z\right).\frac{9}{x+y+z}\) = 9
Dấu "=" xảy ra ⇔ x = y = z
Ta có: \(\left(1+\frac{x}{y}\right)\left(1+\frac{y}{z}\right)\left(1+\frac{z}{x}\right)=\left(1+\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{x}{z}\right)\left(1+\frac{z}{x}\right)=2+\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{x}+\frac{z}{y}+\frac{y}{x}+\frac{x}{z}\)
\(=2+\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{x}\right)+\left(\frac{x}{z}+\frac{z}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)\)
Ta chứng minh bất đẳng thức :
\(\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{x}\right)+\left(\frac{x}{z}+\frac{z}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)\ge\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{\sqrt[3]{xyz}}\)
Vì x, y, z đóng vai trò như nhau nên ta chứng minh bất đẳng thức phụ:
\(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{x}\ge\frac{x+y+z}{\sqrt[3]{xyz}}\)
Xét:
\(3\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{x}\right)=\left(\frac{2x}{y}+\frac{y}{z}\right)+\left(\frac{2y}{z}+\frac{z}{x}\right)+\left(\frac{2z}{x}+\frac{x}{y}\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\frac{2x}{y}+\frac{y}{z}=\frac{x}{y}+\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{z}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{x.x.y}{y.y.z}}=3\sqrt[3]{\frac{x.x.x}{xyz}}=3\frac{x}{\sqrt[3]{xyz}}\)
Tương tự như thế ta có:
\(3\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{x}\right)\ge3.\frac{x}{\sqrt[3]{xyz}}+3\frac{y}{\sqrt[3]{xyz}}+3\frac{z}{\sqrt[3]{xyz}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{x}\ge\frac{x+y+z}{\sqrt[3]{xyz}}\)
Như vậy:
\(\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{x}\right)+\left(\frac{x}{z}+\frac{z}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)\ge\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{\sqrt[3]{xyz}}\)
=> \(\left(1+\frac{x}{y}\right)\left(1+\frac{y}{z}\right)\left(1+\frac{z}{x}\right)\ge2+\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{\sqrt[3]{xyz}}\)
Dấu "=" khi x=y=z
Câu hỏi của Incursion_03 - Toán lớp 9 - Học toán với OnlineMath
B1) Từ \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{xy+yz+zx}{xyz}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow xy+yz+zx=0\)
Ta có \(\left(x+y+z\right)^2=x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)
\(=x^2+y^2+z^2+2.0\)
\(=x^2+y^2+z^2\left(đpcm\right)\)
B2) \(a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2=2ab+2bc+2ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
Vì \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\forall a;b\\\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0\forall b;c\\\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\forall c;a\end{cases}\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=b\\b=c\\c=a\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\left(đpcm\right)}\)
\(a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right).2=\left(ab+bc+ca\right).2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
Ta có: \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\forall a,b\\\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0\forall b,c\\\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\forall a,c\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\forall a,b,c\)
Mà \(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(a-b\right)^2=0\\\left(b-c\right)^2=0\\\left(c-a\right)^2=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=b\\b=c\\c=a\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Vậy \(a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ca\)thì \(a=b=c\)