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Bài 1:
\(2\left(x+y\right)=5\left(y+z\right)=3\left(z+x\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{2\left(x+y\right)}{30}=\frac{5\left(y+z\right)}{30}=\frac{3\left(z+x\right)}{30}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x+y}{15}=\frac{y+z}{6}=\frac{z+x}{10}\)
Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\frac{z+x}{10}=\frac{y+z}{6}=\frac{\left(z+x\right)-\left(y+z\right)}{10-6}=\frac{x-y}{4}\left(1\right)\)
\(\frac{x+y}{15}=\frac{z+x}{10}=\frac{\left(x+y\right)-\left(z+x\right)}{15-10}=\frac{y-z}{5}\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) => \(\frac{x-y}{4}=\frac{y-z}{5}\) (đpcm)
Bài 2:
\(b^2=ac\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c}\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{b^2}=\frac{b^2}{c^2}\)
Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\frac{a^2}{b^2}=\frac{b^2}{c^2}=\frac{a^2+b^2}{b^2+c^2}\left(1\right)\)
Ta lại có: \(\frac{a^2}{b^2}=\frac{a}{b}\cdot\frac{a}{b}=\frac{a}{b}\cdot\frac{b}{c}=\frac{a}{c}\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) => \(\frac{a^2+b^2}{b^2+c^2}=\frac{a}{c}\) (đpcm)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{y-z}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}=\dfrac{y-x+x-z}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}\)\(=\dfrac{y-x}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}+\dfrac{x-z}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}\) \(=\dfrac{1}{z-x}+\dfrac{1}{x-y}\)
Tương tự:
\(\dfrac{z-x}{\left(y-z\right)\left(y-x\right)}=\dfrac{1}{x-y}+\dfrac{1}{y-z}\)
\(\dfrac{x-y}{\left(z-x\right)\left(z-y\right)}=\dfrac{1}{y-z}+\dfrac{1}{z-x}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{y-z}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}+\dfrac{z-x}{\left(y-z\right)\left(y-x\right)}+\dfrac{x-y}{\left(z-x\right)\left(z-y\right)}\) \(=\dfrac{2}{x-y}+\dfrac{2}{y-z}+\dfrac{2}{z-x}\) \(\left(đpcm\right)\)
Đặt \(\frac{x}{2012}=\frac{y}{2013}=\frac{z}{2014}=k\)=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=2012k\\y=2013k\\z=2014k\end{cases}}\)
khi đó, ta có: (x - z)3 = (2012k - 2014k)3 = (-2k)3 = -8k3
8(x - y)2(y - z) = 8(2012k - 2013k)2(2013 - 2014k) = 8(-k)2.(-k) = -8k3
=> (x - z)3 = 8(x - y)2(y - z)
\(2.\left(x+y\right)=5.\left(y+z\right)=3.\left(z+x\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\text{ }\frac{2.\left(x+y\right)}{30}=\frac{5.\left(y+z\right)}{30}=\frac{3.\left(z+x\right)}{30}\)
\(\Rightarrow\text{ }\frac{x+y}{15}=\frac{y+z}{6}=\frac{z+x}{10}\)
\(\frac{x+y}{15}=\frac{z+x}{10}=\frac{\left(x+y\right)-\left(z+x\right)}{15-10}=\frac{y-z}{5}\text{ }\left(1\right)\)
\(\frac{z+x}{10}=\frac{y+z}{6}=\frac{\left(z+x\right)-\left(y+z\right)}{10-6}=\frac{x-y}{4}\text{ }\left(2\right)\)
Từ ( 1 ) và ( 2 ) \(\Rightarrow\text{ }\frac{y-z}{5}=\frac{x-y}{4}\)
\(2\left(x+y\right)=5\left(y+z\right)=3\left(z+x\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x+y}{\frac{1}{2}}=\frac{y+z}{\frac{1}{5}}=\frac{z+x}{\frac{1}{3}}=\frac{x+y-z-x}{\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}}=\frac{z+x-y-z}{\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{5}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{y-z}{\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}}=\frac{x-y}{\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{5}}\Rightarrow\frac{y-z}{\frac{1}{6}}=\frac{x-y}{\frac{2}{15}}\)
\(\Rightarrow6\left(y-z\right)=\frac{15\left(x-y\right)}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(y-z\right)=\frac{5\left(x-y\right)}{2}\)
Nhân cả hai vế với \(\frac{1}{10}\) ta có:
\(\frac{2\left(y-z\right)}{10}=\frac{5\left(x-y\right)}{20}\Leftrightarrow\frac{y-z}{5}=\frac{x-y}{4}\)(ĐPCM)
Giải :
Đặt \(\frac{x}{2013}=\frac{y}{2014}=\frac{z}{2015}=k\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=2013k\\y=2014k\\z=2015k\end{cases}}\)
Khi đó, ta có : 4(2013k - 2014k)(2014k - 2015k) = 4. (-k).(-k) = 4.k2 (1)
(2015k - 2013k)2 = (2k)2 = 22.k2 = 4k2 (2)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ta 4(x - y)(y - z) = (z - x)2
Chứng minh:
Ta có:
\(\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow x^2+y^2-2xy\ge0\Rightarrow x^2+y^2\ge2xy\)
\(\left(y-z\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow y^2+z^2-2yz\ge0\Rightarrow y^2+z^2\ge2yz\)
\(\left(x-z\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow x^2+z^2-2xz\ge0\Rightarrow x^2+z^2\ge2xz\)
Cộng vế với vế, ta được:
\(2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\ge2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\ge x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(x+y+z\right)^2\)(đpcm)
\(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(x+y+z\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2-\frac{1}{3}\cdot\left(x+y+z\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2-\frac{1}{3}\left(x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy+2yz+2xz\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2-\frac{1}{3}\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)-\frac{2}{3}\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2}{3}\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)-\frac{2}{3}\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2}{3}\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz\right)\ge0\) (1)
Ta cần chứng minh : \(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+2y^2+2z^2-2xy-2yz-2xz\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(x-z\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
=> bđt (1) đúng
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(x+y+z\right)^2\) (đpcm)