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Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2b+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2b}{b}}=2a\\b^2c+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2c}{c}}=2b\\c^2a+\dfrac{1}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{c^2a}{a}}=2c\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2b+b^2c+c^2a+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge2\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge a+b+c\) ( đpcm )
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(\frac{a^3}{\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}+\frac{b+1}{8}+\frac{c+1}{8}\ge\frac{3}{4}a\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{a^3}{\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}\ge\frac{3}{4}a-\frac{1}{8}b-\frac{1}{8}-\frac{1}{4}\)
\(\Sigma\frac{a^3}{\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)-\frac{3}{4}\ge\frac{3}{2}-\frac{3}{4}=\frac{3}{4}\) :)
Đặt \(a\left(1-b\right)=x;b\left(1-c\right)=y;c\left(1-a\right)=x\)
\(\Rightarrow1-\left(a+b+c\right)+ab+bc+ca=1-a\left(1-b\right)-b\left(1-c\right)-c\left(1-a\right)=1-x-y-z\)
BĐT cần c/m trở thành:
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\ge\dfrac{3}{1-x-y-z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1-x-y-z\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)-3\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1-x-y-z}{x}+\dfrac{1-x-y-z}{y}+\dfrac{1-x-y-z}{z}-3\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1-y-z}{x}+\dfrac{1-z-x}{y}+\dfrac{1-x-y}{z}-6\ge0\) (1)
Lại có: \(1-y-z=1-b\left(1-c\right)-c\left(1-a\right)=1-b-c+bc+ca=\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)+ca\)
Nên (1) tương đương:
\(\dfrac{\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)+ca}{a\left(1-b\right)}+\dfrac{\left(1-a\right)\left(1-c\right)+ab}{b\left(1-c\right)}+\dfrac{\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)+bc}{c\left(1-a\right)}-6\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1-c}{a}+\dfrac{c}{1-b}+\dfrac{1-a}{b}+\dfrac{a}{1-c}+\dfrac{1-b}{c}+\dfrac{b}{1-a}\ge6\)
BĐT trên hiển nhiên đúng theo AM-GM do:
\(\dfrac{1-c}{a}+\dfrac{c}{1-b}+\dfrac{1-a}{b}+\dfrac{a}{1-c}+\dfrac{1-b}{c}+\dfrac{b}{1-a}\ge6\sqrt[6]{\dfrac{abc\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)}{abc\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)}}=6\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Cám ơn bài giải của thầy Lâm ạ!
Và từ bài bất đăng thức này, đã được chế thành bài toán hình học trong 1 kì thi học sinh giỏi toán cấp tỉnh thầy ạ!
Ta có:
\(a+b+\sqrt{2\left(a+c\right)}=a+b+\sqrt{\frac{a+c}{2}}+\sqrt{\frac{a+c}{2}}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{2}}\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự ta có:
\(\frac{1}{\left(b+c+\sqrt{2\left(b+a\right)}\right)^3}\le\frac{2}{27\left(b+c\right)\left(b+a\right)}\);
\(\frac{1}{\left(c+b+\sqrt{\left(c+b\right)}\right)^3}\le\frac{2}{27\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}\)
Cộng theo bất đẳng thức trên ta được:
\(\frac{1}{\left(a+b+\sqrt{2\left(a+c\right)}\right)^3}+\frac{1}{\left(b+c+\sqrt{2\left(b+a\right)}\right)^3}+\frac{1}{\left(c+a+\sqrt{2\left(c+b\right)}\right)^3}\)
\(\le\frac{4\left(a+b+c\right)}{27\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)
Do đó:
\(\frac{1}{\left(a+b+\sqrt{2\left(a+c\right)}\right)^3}+\frac{1}{\left(b+c+\sqrt{2\left(b+a\right)}\right)^3}+\frac{1}{\left(c+a+\sqrt{2\left(c+b\right)}\right)^3}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{6\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
Vậy bất đẳng thức được chứng minh, bất đẳng thức xày ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{4}\)
đặt \(a=\frac{yz}{x^2};b=\frac{zx}{y^2};c=\frac{xy}{z^2}\left(x;y;z>0\right)\)khi đó bđt cần chứng minh trở thành
\(\frac{x^4}{\left(x^2+yz\right)\left(2x^2+yz\right)}+\frac{y^4}{\left(y^2+xz\right)\left(2y^2+zx\right)}+\frac{z^4}{\left(z^2+xy\right)\left(2z^2+xy\right)}\ge\frac{1}{2}\)
áp dụng bđt Bunhiacopxki dạng phân thức ta được
\(\frac{x^4}{\left(x^2+yz\right)\left(2x^2+yz\right)}+\frac{y^4}{\left(y^2+zx\right)\left(2y^2+zx\right)}+\frac{z^4}{\left(z^2+xy\right)\left(2z^2+xy\right)}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{\left(x^2+yz\right)\left(2x^2+yz\right)+\left(y^2+zx\right)\left(2y^2+zx\right)+\left(z^2+xy\right)\left(2z^2+xy\right)}\)
phép chứng minh sẽ hoàn tất nếu ta chứng minh được
\(\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{\left(x^2+yz\right)\left(2x^2+yz\right)+\left(y^2+zx\right)\left(2y^2+zx\right)+\left(z^2+xy\right)\left(2z^2+xy\right)}\ge\frac{1}{2}\)
hay ta cần chứng minh
\(2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2\ge\left(x^2+yz\right)\left(2x^2+yz\right)+\left(y^2+xz\right)\left(2y^2+xz\right)+\left(z^2+xy\right)\left(2z^2+xy\right)\)
khai triển và thu gọn ta được \(x^2y^2+y^2z^2+z^2x^2\ge xyz\left(x+y+z\right)\)
đánh giá cuối cùng là một đánh giá đúng. Bất đẳng thức được chứng minh
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{b^2c}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{b+c}{4bc}+\dfrac{1}{2b}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{b^2c\left(b+c\right)}{8a^3\left(b+c\right)b^2c}}=\dfrac{3}{2a}\\\dfrac{c^2a}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{c+a}{4ca}+\dfrac{1}{2c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{c^2a\left(c+a\right)}{8b^3\left(c+a\right)c^2a}}=\dfrac{3}{2b}\\\dfrac{a^2b}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{a+b}{4ab}+\dfrac{1}{2a}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{a^2b\left(a+b\right)}{8c^3\left(a+b\right)a^2b}}=\dfrac{3}{2c}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{b^2c}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4c}+\dfrac{1}{4b}+\dfrac{1}{2b}\ge\dfrac{3}{2a}\\\dfrac{c^2a}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4a}+\dfrac{1}{4c}+\dfrac{1}{2c}\ge\dfrac{3}{2b}\\\dfrac{a^2b}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4b}+\dfrac{1}{4a}+\dfrac{1}{2a}\ge\dfrac{3}{2c}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{b^2c}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4c}+\dfrac{3}{4b}\ge\dfrac{3}{2a}\\\dfrac{c^2a}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4a}+\dfrac{3}{4c}\ge\dfrac{3}{2b}\\\dfrac{a^2b}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4b}+\dfrac{3}{4a}\ge\dfrac{3}{2c}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow VT+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b^2c}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{c^2a}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{a^2b}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\) ( đpcm )
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}\\b+c\ge2\sqrt{bc}\\c+a\ge2\sqrt{ca}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\ge2\sqrt{ab}.2\sqrt{bc}.2\sqrt{ca}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\ge8abc\) ( đpcm )
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
ta có \(\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)c}\le\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{ab}c}=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{c}}\)tương tự ta có
\(\Sigma\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)c}\le\Sigma\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{c}}=\dfrac{\Sigma\sqrt{ab}}{2}\le\dfrac{\Sigma a}{2}\)(đpcm)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy cho 2 số dương ta có:
\(a+1\ge2\sqrt{a}\)
\(b+1\ge2\sqrt{b}\)
\(a+c\ge2\sqrt{ac}\)
\(b+c\ge2\sqrt{bc}\)
Nhân vế theo vế các BĐT cùng chiều trên ta được:
\(\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\ge16\sqrt{a^2b^2c^2}=16abc\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\b=1\\c=a\\b=c\end{matrix}\right.\)
<=> a = b = c = 1
Vậy \(\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\ge16abc\) với a,b,c dương.
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c=1