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a) \(\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b}{ab}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô -si cho 3 số dương:
\(a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc};\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{abc}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{9}{a+b+c}\)
Xét ~~~~\(\left(a-\frac{1}{b}\right)\left(b-\frac{1}{c}\right)\left(c-\frac{1}{a}\right)\ge\left(a-\frac{1}{a}\right)\left(b-\frac{1}{b}\right)\left(c-\frac{1}{c}\right)\)\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(ab-1\right)\left(bc-1\right)\left(ca-1\right)}{abc}\ge\frac{\left(a^2-1\right)\left(b^2-1\right)\left(c^2-1\right)}{abc}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ab-1\right)\left(bc-1\right)\left(ca-1\right)\ge\left(a^2-1\right)\left(b^2-1\right)\left(c^2-1\right)\)(Do a,b,c không nhỏ hơn 1 nên abc > 0)\(\Leftrightarrow a^2b^2c^2-\left(abc^2+ab^2c+a^2bc\right)+\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-1\ge a^2b^2c^2-\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\right)+\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-1\)\(\Leftrightarrow-\left(abc^2+ab^2c+a^2bc\right)+\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge-\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\right)+\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\right)-2\left(abc^2+ab^2c+a^2bc\right)\ge2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(bc-ca\right)^2+\left(ab-bc\right)^2+\left(ca-ab\right)^2\ge\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\)\(\Leftrightarrow c^2\left(a-b\right)^2+b^2\left(a-c\right)^2+a^2\left(b-c\right)^2\ge\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(c^2-1\right)\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b^2-1\right)\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(a^2-1\right)\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0\)(Đúng do a,b,c không nhỏ hơn 1)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c hoặc (a,b,c) = (1,1,k) (k bất kì) và các hoán vị
Ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}=\frac{\frac{1}{a^2}}{a\left(b+c\right)}=\frac{\frac{1}{a^2}}{\frac{b+c}{bc}}\)
Biến đổi tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại ta có:
\(\frac{1}{b^3\left(a+c\right)}=\frac{\frac{1}{b^2}}{\frac{a+c}{ac}};\frac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}=\frac{\frac{1}{c^2}}{\frac{a+b}{ab}}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{\frac{2}{a}+\frac{2}{b}+\frac{2}{c}}=\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\frac{1}{2}3\sqrt[3]{\left(abc\right)^2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(abc=1\Rightarrow\left(abc\right)^2=a^2b^2c^2=1\Rightarrow a^2=\frac{1}{b^2c^2}\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}=\frac{b^2c^2}{a\left(b+c\right)}=\frac{\left(bc\right)^2}{ab+ac}\)
Chứng minh tương tự ta có: \(\frac{1}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}=\frac{\left(ca\right)^2}{bc+ba};\frac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}=\frac{\left(ab\right)^2}{ca+cb}\)
=> \(\frac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}=\frac{\left(ab\right)^2}{bc+ca}+\frac{\left(bc\right)^2}{ab+ca}+\frac{\left(ca\right)^2}{ab+bc}\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel: \(\frac{\left(ab\right)^2}{bc+ca}+\frac{\left(bc\right)^2}{ab+ca}+\frac{\left(ca\right)^2}{ab+bc}\ge\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{bc+ca+ab+ca+ab+bc}=\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\)
Tiếp tục áp dụng bđt Cauchy với 3 số dương ta được: \(\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\ge\frac{3\sqrt[3]{ab.bc.ca}}{2}=\frac{3\sqrt[3]{\left(abc\right)^2}}{2}=\frac{3\sqrt[3]{1}}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
=> \(\frac{\left(ab\right)^2}{bc+ca}+\frac{\left(bc\right)^2}{ab+ca}+\frac{\left(ca\right)^2}{ab+bc}\ge\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)