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áp dụngBĐt cô si cho 2 số ta có
\(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}.\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}}=2\dfrac{a}{c}\)
tt ta có
\(\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\ge2\dfrac{b}{a}\); \(\dfrac{b^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{a^2}{c^2}\ge2\dfrac{b}{c}\)
cộng các BĐT trên ta có
\(2\left(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\right)\ge2\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)\)
⇔ \(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\ge\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\) (đpcm)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy Schwarz dạng Engel ta có:
\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right).\dfrac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{9}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(VT=\left(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{b}{c+a}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{c}{a+b}+1\right)-3\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b}\right)-3>=\dfrac{9}{2}-3=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
a)Svac-so:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{b+c+c+a+a+b}=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{2\left(đpcm\right)}\)
b)\(\dfrac{1}{a^2+1}+\dfrac{1}{b^2+1}\ge\dfrac{2}{ab+1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^2+1}-\dfrac{1}{ab+1}+\dfrac{1}{b^2+1}-\dfrac{1}{ab+1}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{ab+1-a^2-1}{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(ab+1\right)}+\dfrac{ab+1-b^2-1}{\left(b^2+1\right)\left(ab+1\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a\left(b-a\right)}{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(ab+1\right)}+\dfrac{b\left(a-b\right)}{\left(b^2+1\right)\left(ab+1\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(\dfrac{b}{\left(b^2+1\right)\left(ab+1\right)}-\dfrac{a}{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(ab+1\right)}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(\dfrac{b\left(a^2+1\right)-a\left(b^2+1\right)}{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\left(ab+1\right)}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(\dfrac{a^2b+b-ab^2-a}{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\left(ab+1\right)}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(\dfrac{ab\left(a-b\right)-\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\left(ab+1\right)}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\cdot\dfrac{ab-1}{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\left(ab+1\right)}\ge0\)(luôn đúng)
Vì a,b,c là các số dương \(\Rightarrow\) a,b,c > 0
Vì a,b,c > 0,Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel,ta được:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}\)\(\geq\) \(\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{b+c+c+a+a+b}\)(1)
Mà \(\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{b+c+c+a+a+b}\) = \(\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}\)=\(\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\)(2)
Từ (1),(2) \(\Rightarrow\) \(\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}\) \(\geq\) \(\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi và chỉ khi a=b=c.
Cách 2 : Vì a,b,c là các số dương \(\Rightarrow\) \(\dfrac{a+b}{4}>0,\dfrac{b+c}{4}>0,\dfrac{c+a}{4}>0\)
Áp dụng bất dẳng thức AM - GM cho các số không âm , ta có :
\(\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b+c}{4}\ge a\)
\(\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c+a}{4}\ge b\)
\(\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}+\dfrac{a+b}{4}\ge c\)
Cộng vế theo vế , ta có :
\(\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{a+c}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}+\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{4}\ge a+b+c\)
Trừ cả hai vế cho \(\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\) , ta có :
\(\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)
e)
\(\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{3}\ge\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{3}\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(a^2-2ac+c^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0\) ( luôn đúng)
=> ĐPCM
Áp dụng BĐT Cô si cho các số dương ta có :
\(+,\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}.\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}}=\dfrac{2a}{c}\left(1\right)\)
Cmtt ta có : +, \(\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\ge\dfrac{2b}{a}\left(2\right)\)
+, \(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\ge\dfrac{2c}{b}\left(3\right)\)
Cộng vế với vế của các BĐT \(\left(1\right),\left(2\right),\left(3\right)\) ta được :
\(2\left(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\right)\ge2\left(\dfrac{c}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}+\dfrac{a}{c}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\ge\dfrac{c}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}+\dfrac{a}{c}\left(đpcm\right)\)
a, b, c > 0
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM (Cauchy):
\(\dfrac{a}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b^2}.\dfrac{1}{a}}=2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{b^2}}=\dfrac{2}{b}\)
\(\dfrac{b}{c^2}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{c^2}.\dfrac{1}{b}}=2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{c^2}}=\dfrac{2}{c}\)
\(\dfrac{c}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{a^2}.\dfrac{1}{c}}=2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a^2}}=\dfrac{2}{a}\)
Vậy ta có :
\(\dfrac{a}{b^2}+\dfrac{b}{c^2}+\dfrac{c}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}+\dfrac{2}{a}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b^2}+\dfrac{b}{c^2}+\dfrac{c}{a^2}\ge\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\) (đpcm)
Cách dùng hằng đẳng thức:
\(\dfrac{a}{b^2}+\dfrac{b}{c^2}+\dfrac{c}{a^2}-\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{c}\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{a}{b^2}-\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)+\left(\dfrac{b}{c^2}-\dfrac{2}{c}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)+\left(\dfrac{c}{a^2}-\dfrac{2}{a}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{a}}{b}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{b}}{c}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{b}}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{c}}{a}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{c}}\right)^2\ge0\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô - si : x2 + y2 ≥ 2xy
=> \(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}\) ≥ \(2.\dfrac{a}{c}\) ( 1)
\(\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\) ≥ \(2.\dfrac{b}{a}\) ( 2)
\(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\) ≥ \(2.\dfrac{c}{b}\) ( 3)
Cộng từng vế của ( 1 , 3 , 3) , ta có :
\(2\left(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\right)\) ≥ \(2.\left(\dfrac{b}{a}+\dfrac{c}{b}+\dfrac{a}{c}\right)\)
=> ĐPCM