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\(A=\frac{x^2}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}+\frac{y^2}{\left(y-x\right)\left(y-z\right)}+\frac{z^2}{\left(z-x\right)\left(z-y\right)}\)
\(=\frac{x^2}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}-\frac{y^2}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)}+\frac{z^2}{\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)}\)
\(=\frac{x^2\left(y-z\right)-y^2\left(x-z\right)+z^2\left(x-y\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)}\)
\(x^2\left(y-z\right)-y^2\left(x-z\right)+z^2\left(x-y\right)\)
\(=x^2y-x^2z-xy^2+y^2z+z^2\left(x-y\right)\)
\(=xy\left(x-y\right)-z\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)+z^2\left(x-y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left[xy-zx-zy+z^2\right]\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left[x\left(y-z\right)-z\left(y-z\right)\right]=\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)\)
Vậy A = 1
\(x+y+z=0\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=-\left(y+z\right)\\y=-\left(z+x\right)\\z=-\left(x+y\right)\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2}=\frac{\left[-\left(y+z\right)\right]^2+\left[-\left(z+x\right)\right]^2+\left[-\left(x+y\right)\right]^2}{\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2}=\frac{\left(y+z\right)^2+\left(z+x\right)^2\left(x+y\right)^2}{\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2}=\frac{-\left[\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2+\left(x-y\right)^2\right]}{\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2}=-1\)
Ta có
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x+1\right)^2\ge0\\\left(y+1\right)^2\ge0\\\left(z+1\right)^2\ge0\end{cases}}\)và \(\hept{\begin{cases}x^2+1>0\\y^2+1>0\\z^2+1>0\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{\left(x+1\right)^2\left(y+1\right)^2}{z^2+1}+\frac{\left(y+1\right)^2\left(z+1\right)^2}{x^2+1}+\frac{\left(z+1\right)^2\left(x+1\right)^2}{y^2+1}\ge0\)
Kết hợp với điều kiện ban đầu thì
GTNN của A là 0 đạt được khi
\(\left(x,y,z\right)=\left(-1,-1,5;-1,5,-1;5,-1-1\right)\)
x + y + z = 0
<=> (x + y + z)^2 = 0
<=> x^2 + y^2 + z^2 + 2(xy + yz + xz) = 0
<=> x^2 + y^2 + z^2 = -2(xy + yz + xz)
\(A=\frac{18\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}{x^2+y^2-2xy+y^2+z^2-2yz+z^2+x^2-2zx}\)
\(A=\frac{18\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}{2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)-2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)}\)
\(A=\frac{18\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}{3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}=6\)