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Ta có \(1+x^2=x^2+xy+yz+xz=\left(x+z\right)\left(x+y\right)\)
Khi đó BĐT <=>
\(\frac{1}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}\ge\frac{2}{3}\left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{\left(x+z\right)\left(x+y\right)}}+...\right)\)
<=> \(\frac{x+y+z}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)}\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{x\sqrt{y+z}+y\sqrt{x+z}+z\sqrt{x+y}}{\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)}}\right)^3\)
<=>\(\left(x+y+z\right)\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(x\sqrt{y+z}+y\sqrt{x+z}+z\sqrt{x+y}\right)^3\)
<=> \(\left(x+y+z\right)\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)}\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(\sqrt{x\left(1-yz\right)}+\sqrt{y\left(1-xz\right)}+\sqrt{z\left(1-xy\right)}\right)^3\)(1)
Xét \(\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)\ge\frac{8}{9}\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\)
<=> \(9\left[xy\left(x+y\right)+yz\left(y+z\right)+xz\left(x+z\right)+2xyz\right]\ge8\left(xy\left(x+y\right)+xz\left(x+z\right)+yz\left(y+z\right)+3xyz\right)\)
<=> \(xy\left(y+x\right)+yz\left(y+z\right)+xz\left(x+z\right)\ge6xyz\)
<=> \(x\left(y-z\right)^2+z\left(x-y\right)^2+y\left(x-z\right)^2\ge0\)luôn đúng
Khi đó (1) <=>
\(\left(x+y+z\right).\frac{2\sqrt{2}}{3}.\sqrt{x+y+z}\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(\sqrt{x\left(1-yz\right)}+....\right)^3\)
<=> \(\sqrt{2\left(x+y+z\right)}\ge\sqrt{x\left(1-yz\right)}+\sqrt{y\left(1-xz\right)}+\sqrt{z\left(1-xy\right)}\)
Áp dụng buniacopxki cho vế phải ta có
\(\sqrt{x\left(1-yz\right)}+\sqrt{y\left(1-xz\right)}+\sqrt{z\left(1-xy\right)}\le\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)\left(3-xy-yz-xz\right)}\)
\(=\sqrt{2\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
=> BĐT được CM
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Lời giải bài này khá dài, làm biếng gõ
Bạn lên google search "đề thi vào 10 chuyên khtn" nhé, đây là bài BĐT trong đề vòng 1 chuyên KHTN năm 2019
Ta có:
\( 1 + {x^2} = \left( {x + y} \right)\left( {x + z} \right)\\ 1 + {y^2} = \left( {x + y} \right)\left( {y + z} \right)\\ 1 + {z^2} = \left( {x + z} \right)\left( {y + z} \right) \)
Nên: \(\dfrac{1}{{1 + {x^2}}} + \dfrac{1}{{1 + {y^2}}} + \dfrac{1}{{1 + {z^2}}} = \dfrac{1}{{\left( {x + y} \right)\left( {x + z} \right)}} + \dfrac{1}{{\left( {x + y} \right)\left( {y + z} \right)}} + \dfrac{1}{{\left( {x + z} \right)\left( {y + z} \right)}} = \dfrac{{2\left( {x + y + z} \right)}}{{\left( {x + y} \right)\left( {y + z} \right)\left( {x + z} \right)}}\)
\( \dfrac{x}{{\sqrt {1 + {x^2}} }} + \dfrac{y}{{\sqrt {1 + {y^2}} }} + \dfrac{z}{{\sqrt {1 + {z^2}} }} = \dfrac{x}{{\sqrt {\left( {x + y} \right)\left( {x + z} \right)} }} + \dfrac{y}{{\sqrt {\left( {x + y} \right)\left( {y + z} \right)} }} + \dfrac{z}{{\left( {x + z} \right)\left( {y + z} \right)}}\\ \dfrac{x}{{\sqrt {1 + {x^2}} }} + \dfrac{y}{{\sqrt {1 + {y^2}} }} + \dfrac{z}{{\sqrt {1 + {z^2}} }} \le \dfrac{1}{2}\left( {\dfrac{x}{{x + y}} + \dfrac{x}{{x + z}} + \dfrac{y}{{x + y}} + \dfrac{y}{{y + z}} + \dfrac{z}{{x + z}} + \dfrac{z}{{y + z}}} \right) \)
Mặt khác, áp dụng $Bunhia$ ta có:
\({\left( {\dfrac{x}{{\sqrt {1 + {x^2}} }} + \dfrac{y}{{\sqrt {1 + {y^2}} }} + \dfrac{z}{{\sqrt {1 + {z^2}} }}} \right)^2} \le \left( {x + y + z} \right)\left( {\dfrac{x}{{1 + {x^2}}} + \dfrac{y}{{1 + {y^2}}} + \dfrac{z}{{1 + {z^2}}}} \right) = M\)
Với \(M = \dfrac{{2\left( {x + y + z} \right)\left( {xy + yz + xz} \right)}}{{\left( {x + y} \right)\left( {x + z} \right)\left( {y + z} \right)}} = \dfrac{{2\left( {x + y + z} \right)}}{{\left( {x + y} \right)\left( {x + z} \right)\left( {y + z} \right)}}\)
Lại có:
\( VP = \dfrac{2}{3}{\left( {\dfrac{x}{{1 + {x^2}}} + \dfrac{y}{{1 + {y^2}}} + \dfrac{z}{{1 + {z^2}}}} \right)^3} = \dfrac{2}{3}{\left( {\dfrac{1}{{1 + {x^2}}} + \dfrac{1}{{1 + {y^2}}} + \dfrac{1}{{1 + {z^2}}}} \right)^2}\\ VP \le \dfrac{{4\left( {x + y + z} \right)}}{{3\left( {x + y} \right)\left( {x + z} \right)\left( {y + z} \right)}}.\dfrac{3}{2} = \dfrac{{2\left( {x + y + z} \right)}}{{\left( {x + y} \right)\left( {x + z} \right)\left( {y + z} \right)}} = \dfrac{1}{{1 + {x^2}}} + \dfrac{1}{{1 + {y^2}}} + \dfrac{1}{{1 + {z^2}}} \)
Vậy \(\dfrac{1}{{1 + {x^2}}} + \dfrac{1}{{1 + {y^2}}} + \dfrac{1}{{1 + {z^2}}} \ge \dfrac{3}{2}{\left( {\dfrac{x}{{\sqrt {1 + {x^2}} }} + \dfrac{y}{{\sqrt {1 + {y^2}} }} + \dfrac{z}{{\sqrt {1 + {z^2}} }}} \right)^2}\)
Dấu \("= "\) xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Dễ dàng chứng minh được:
\(\frac{a^2}{x}+\frac{b^2}{y}+\frac{c^2}{z}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{x+y+z}\) với \(a,b,c>0\)(1)
Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{x}=\frac{b}{y}=\frac{c}{z}\)
Theo đề bài, vì x, y, z > 0 nên áp dụng (1), ta có:
\(\frac{x^2}{x+\sqrt{yz}}+\frac{y^2}{y+\sqrt{zx}}+\frac{z^2}{z+\sqrt{xy}}\ge\)\(\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z+\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}}\)(2)
Vì x y, z > 0 nên áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cô-si cho 2 số dương, ta được:
\(x+y\ge2\sqrt{xy}\)(3)
Chứng mih tương tự, ta được;
\(y+z\ge2\sqrt{yz}\)(4);
\(z+x\ge2\sqrt{zx}\)(5)
Từ (3), (4), (5), ta được:
\(2\left(x+y+z\right)\ge2\left(\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y+z\ge\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x+y+z\right)\ge x+y+z+\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x+y+z+\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}}\ge\)\(\frac{1}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z+\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}}\ge\frac{x+y+z}{2}\)
Mà theo đề bài, \(x+y+z\ge3\) nên:
\(\frac{x+y+z}{2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
Suy ra \(\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z+\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}}\ge\frac{3}{2}\left(6\right)\)
Từ (2) và (6), ta được:
\(\frac{x^2}{x+\sqrt{yz}}+\frac{y^2}{y+\sqrt{zx}}+\frac{z^2}{z+\sqrt{xy}}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)(điều phải chứng minh)
Dấu bằng xảy ra
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=y=z\\x+y+z=3\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1}\)
Vậy nếu x, y, z > 0 và \(x+y+z\ge3\)thì \(\frac{x^2}{x+\sqrt{yz}}+\frac{y^2}{y+\sqrt{zx}}+\frac{z^2}{z+\sqrt{xy}}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
Theo GT : \(xy+yz+xz=3xyz\Rightarrow\frac{xy+yz+xz}{xyz}=3\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=3\)
\(\frac{x^3}{x^2+z}=\frac{x\left(x^2+z\right)}{x^2+z}-\frac{xz}{x^2+z}=x-\frac{xz}{x^2+z}\ge x-\frac{xz}{2x\sqrt{z}}=x-\frac{\sqrt{z}}{2}\)
Tương tự , ta có : \(\frac{y^3}{y^2+x}\ge y-\frac{\sqrt{x}}{2}\) ; \(\frac{z^3}{z^2+y}\ge z-\frac{\sqrt{y}}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^3}{x^2+z}+\frac{y^3}{y^2+z}+\frac{z^3}{z^2+y}\ge x+y+z-\frac{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}{2}\)
Vì x ; y ; z dương , áp dụng BĐT Cô - si , ta có :
\(x+1\ge2\sqrt{x};y+1\ge2\sqrt{y};z+1\ge2\sqrt{z}\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y+z+3\ge2\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\right)\)
=> \(\frac{x+y+z+3}{2}\ge\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\) => BĐT được c/m
Tiếp tục AD BĐT Cô - si , ta có :
\(\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\ge3\sqrt[3]{xyz}.3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{xyz}}=9\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y+z\ge\frac{9}{\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}}=\frac{9}{3}=3\) => BĐT được c/m
Có : \(\frac{x^3}{x^2+z}+\frac{y^3}{y^2+x}+\frac{z^3}{z^2+y}\ge x+y+z-\frac{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}{2}\ge x+y+z-\frac{x+y+z+3}{4}=\frac{3x+3y+3z-3}{2}\ge\frac{3.3-3}{4}=\frac{3}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)
Vậy ...
\(RHS\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\sqrt{5x^2+2xy+y^2}+\sqrt{5y^2+2yz+z^2}+\sqrt{5z^2+2zx+x^2}}\)
Thử chứng minh \(\sqrt{5x^2+2xy+y^2}\le\frac{3\sqrt{2}}{2}x+\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}y\) cái này xem sao
khi đó:
\(RHS\ge\frac{9}{\frac{3\sqrt{2}}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)+\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)}=\frac{3}{2\sqrt{2}}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra tại x=y=z=1
Cần chứng minh BĐT sau : \(\frac{x^2}{\sqrt{5x^2+2xy+y^2}}\ge\frac{5x-y}{8\sqrt{2}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow8\sqrt{2}x^2\ge\left(5x-y\right)\sqrt{5x^2+2xy+y^2}\) ( 1 )
Xét 5x - y \(\le\)0 \(\Rightarrow\)VT \(\ge\)0 ; VP \(\le\)0 \(\Rightarrow\)BĐT đã được chứng minh
Xét 5x - y \(\ge\)0 . Bình phương 2 vế của ( 1 ), ta được :
\(128x^4\ge\left(25x^2-10xy+y^2\right)\left(5x^2+2xy+y^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow128x^4\ge125x^4+10x^2y^2-8xy^3+y^4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x^4-10x^2y^2+8xy^3-y^4\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3x^4-3xy^3\right)+\left(10xy^3-10x^2y^2\right)+\left(xy^3-y^4\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)+10xy^2\left(y-x\right)+y^3\left(x-y\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)\left(3x^3+3x^2y+3xy^2-10xy^2+y^3\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)\left[\left(3x^3-3xy^2\right)+\left(3x^2y-3xy^2\right)-\left(xy^2-y^3\right)\right]\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\left(3x^2+6xy-y^2\right)\ge0\)( luôn đúng )
( Vì \(5x-y\ge0\Rightarrow x\ge\frac{y}{5}\)\(\Rightarrow3x^2+6xy-y^2\ge3.\left(\frac{y}{5}\right)^2+6.\frac{y}{5}.y-y^2=\frac{8}{25}y^2\ge0\))
Tương tự : \(\frac{y^2}{\sqrt{5y^2+2yz+z^2}}\ge\frac{5y-z}{8\sqrt{2}}\); \(\frac{z^2}{\sqrt{5z^2+2xz+x^2}}\ge\frac{5z-x}{8\sqrt{2}}\)
Cộng từng vế 3 BĐT lại với nhau, ta được :
\(\frac{x^2}{\sqrt{5x^2+2xy+y^2}}+\frac{y^2}{\sqrt{5y^2+2yz+z^2}}+\frac{z^2}{\sqrt{5z^2+2xz+x^2}}\)
\(\ge\frac{5x-z+5y-z+5z-x}{8\sqrt{2}}=\frac{4\left(x+y+z\right)}{8\sqrt{2}}=\frac{3}{2\sqrt{2}}\)
Dấu "=' xảy ra khi x = y = z = 1
Vậy BĐT đã được chứng minh
+\(x+y+z\le\sqrt{3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}=3\)
+\(3+2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)=x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)=\left(x+y+z\right)^2\le9\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{3+2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}}\ge\frac{1}{1+3}=\frac{1}{4}\)
+\(A=\frac{x^2}{y+2z}+\frac{y^2}{z+2x}+\frac{z^2}{x+2y}=\frac{x^4}{x^2y+2zx^2}+\frac{y^4}{y^2z+2xy^2}+\frac{z^4}{z^2x+2yz^2}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{x^2y+y^2z+z^2x+2\left(xy^2+yz^2+zx^2\right)}\)
Áp dụng bđt Bunhiacopxki
\(x^2y+y^2z+z^2x=x.xy+y.yz+z.zx\le\sqrt{x^2+y^2+z^2}.\sqrt{x^2y^2+y^2z^2+z^2x^2}\)
\(\le\sqrt{x^2+y^2+z^2}.\sqrt{\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{3}}=3\)
(áp dụng \(ab+bc+ca\le\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}\))
Tương tự: \(xy^2+yz^2+zx^2\le3\)
\(\Rightarrow B\ge\frac{3^2}{3+2.3}=1\)
\(VT=A+B\ge1+\frac{1}{4}=\frac{5}{4}=VP\)