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Ta dễ dàng chứng minh:
\(0< a,b,c\le\frac{3}{2}\)
Áp dụng BDT cô si cho ba số dương ta có:
\(\left(\frac{3}{2}-a\right)+\left(\frac{3}{2}-b\right)+\left(\frac{3}{2}-c\right)\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{3}{2}-a)(\frac{3}{2}-b)(\frac{3}{2}-c)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^3\ge\frac{3}{2}-a)(\frac{3}{2}-b)(\frac{3}{2}-c)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{8}\ge\frac{27}{8}-\frac{9}{4}\left(a+b+c\right)+\frac{3}{2}\left(ab+bc+ac\right)-abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{8}\ge-\frac{27}{8}+\frac{3}{2}\left(ab+bc+ac\right)-abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4abc\ge-14+6\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3a^2+3b^2+3c^2+4abc\ge13\)
Ta có:
A = \(\frac{a}{2b+3c}+\frac{b}{2c+3a}+\frac{c}{3b+2a}=\frac{a^2}{2ab+3ac}+\frac{b^2}{2bc+3ab}+\frac{c^2}{3bc+2ac}\)
A \(\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2ab+3ac+2bc+3ab+3bc+2ac}\)(bđt svacxo \(\frac{x_1^2}{y_1}+\frac{x_2^2}{y_2}+\frac{x_3^2}{y_3}\ge\frac{\left(x_1+x_2+x_3\right)^2}{y_1+y_2+y_3}\))
A \(\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{5\left(ab+bc+ac\right)}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\frac{5\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}}\) (bđt \(xy+yz+xz\le\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}\)(*)
CM bđt * <=> \(3xy+3yz+3xz\le x^2+y^2+z^2+2xz+2xy+2yz\)
<=> \(\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(x-z\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
<=> A \(\ge\frac{3}{5}\) --> ĐPCM
Tham khảo:
https://hoc24.vn/cau-hoi/cho-a-b-c-la-do-dai-ba-canh-cua-mot-tam-giac-va-thoa-man-he-thuc-a-b-c-1-cmr-a2-b2-c2-12.139261258302
Ta có : \(\left(5a-3b+4c\right)\left(5a-3b-4c\right)=\left(5a-3b\right)^2-16c^2\)
Mà theo đề \(\left(5a-3b+4c\right)\left(5a-3b-4c\right)=\left(3a-5b\right)^2\)
nên \(\left(5a-3b\right)^2-16c^2=\left(3a-5b\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(5a-3b\right)^2-\left(3a-5b\right)^2=16c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(5a-3b-3a+5b\right)\left(5a-3b+3a-5b\right)=16c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2a+2b\right)\left(8a-8b\right)=16c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b\right)=c^2\Leftrightarrow a^2-b^2=c^2\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2=b^2+c^2\) nên \(a;b;c\) là độ dài 3 cạnh tam giác vuông theo Pytago đảo
Dễ thấy \(0< a,b,c< \frac{3}{2}\)
Thật vậy nếu g/s ngược lại tồn tại 1 số >= 3/2 và g/s đó là a
\(\Rightarrow a\ge b+c\) mâu thuẫn với BĐT tam giác nên ta có điều như trên
Ta có: \(\left(\frac{3}{2}-a\right)+\left(\frac{3}{2}-b\right)+\left(\frac{3}{2}-c\right)\ge3\sqrt[3]{\left(\frac{3}{2}-a\right)\left(\frac{3}{2}-b\right)\left(\frac{3}{2}-c\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{9}{2}-\left(a+b+c\right)\ge3\sqrt[3]{\left(\frac{3}{2}-a\right)\left(\frac{3}{2}-b\right)\left(\frac{3}{2}-c\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{2}\ge\sqrt[3]{\left(\frac{3}{2}-a\right)\left(\frac{3}{2}-b\right)\left(\frac{3}{2}-c\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{8}\ge\left(\frac{3}{2}-a\right)\left(\frac{3}{2}-b\right)\left(\frac{3}{2}-c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{8}\ge\left(\frac{9}{4}-\frac{3}{2}a-\frac{3}{2}b+ab\right)\left(\frac{3}{2}-c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{8}\ge\frac{27}{8}-\frac{9}{4}\left(a+b+c\right)+\frac{3}{2}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{8}\ge\frac{27}{8}-\frac{27}{4}+\frac{3}{2}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{3}{2}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-abc\le\frac{7}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow6\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-4abc\le14\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4abc\ge6\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-14\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3a^2+3b^2+3c^2+4abc\ge3\left(a+b+c\right)^2-14\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3a^2+3b^2+3c^2+4abc\ge13\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: a = b = c = 1