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vì bài dài quá nên mình làm từng bài 1 nhé
1. Ta thấy : \(\frac{1}{n^3}< \frac{1}{n^3-n}=\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)}=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{\left(n+1\right)-\left(n-1\right)}{\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)}=\frac{1}{2}.\left[\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}-\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}\right]\)
Do đó :
\(B< \frac{1}{2}.\left[\frac{1}{2.3}-\frac{1}{3.4}+\frac{1}{3.4}-\frac{1}{4.5}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}-\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}\right]< \frac{1}{2}.\frac{1}{6}=\frac{1}{12}\)
2.
Nhận xét : \(1+\frac{1}{n\left(n+2\right)}=\frac{\left(n+1\right)^2}{n\left(n+2\right)}\)
Do đó :
\(A=\frac{2^2}{1.3}.\frac{3^2}{2.4}.\frac{4^2}{3.5}...\frac{\left(n+1\right)^2}{n\left(n+2\right)}=\frac{2.3...\left(n+1\right)}{1.2...n}.\frac{2.3...\left(n+1\right)}{3.4...\left(n+2\right)}=\frac{n+1}{1}.\frac{2}{n+2}< 2\)
Ta có :
\(\frac{1}{2^2}< \frac{1}{1.2}\)
\(\frac{1}{3^2}< \frac{1}{2.3}\)
...................
\(\frac{1}{n^2}< \frac{1}{\left(n-1\right).n}\).
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{1^2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+....+\frac{1}{n^2}< \frac{1}{1^2}+\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+....+\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right).n}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{1^2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...+\frac{1}{n^2}< 1+1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-....+\frac{1}{n-1}-\frac{1}{n}\).
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{1^2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...+\frac{1}{n^2}< 2-\frac{1}{n}\)
\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)
Gọi vế trái là A. Ta có: \(\frac{1}{2^2}< \frac{1}{1.2}=1-\frac{1}{2};\frac{1}{3^2}< \frac{1}{2.3}=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3};....;\frac{1}{n^2}< \frac{1}{\left(n-1\right).n}=\frac{1}{n-1}-\frac{1}{n}.\)
=> \(A< 1+1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{n-1}-\frac{1}{n}\)
=> \(A< 2-\frac{1}{n}\) (ĐPCM)
Ta có :
\(\frac{n\left(n+1\right)}{2}+\frac{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}{2}\)
\(=\frac{n\left(n+1\right)+\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}{2}\)
\(=\frac{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+n+2\right)}{2}\)
\(=\frac{\left(n+1\right)\cdot2\cdot\left(n+1\right)}{2}\)
\(=\left(n+1\right)^2\)
=> ĐPCM
Ta có:
\(1^4+\frac{1}{4}=\left(1^2-1+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(1^2+1+\frac{1}{2}\right)=\frac{1}{2}.\left(2+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(2^4+\frac{1}{4}=\left(2^2-2+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(2^2+2+\frac{1}{2}\right)=\left(2+\frac{1}{2}\right).\left(6+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(3^4+\frac{1}{4}=\left(3^2-3+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(3^2+3+\frac{1}{2}\right)=\left(6+\frac{1}{2}\right).\left(12+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(4^4+\frac{1}{4}=\left(4^2-4+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(4^2+4+\frac{1}{2}\right)=\left(12+\frac{1}{2}\right).\left(20+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
...
\(19^4+\frac{1}{4}=\left(19^2-19+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(19^2+19+\frac{1}{2}\right)=\left(342+\frac{1}{2}\right).\left(380+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(20^4+\frac{1}{4}=\left(20^2-20+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(20^2+20+\frac{1}{2}\right)=\left(380+\frac{1}{2}\right).\left(420+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
=> \(\frac{\left(1^4+\frac{1}{4}\right)\left(3^4+\frac{1}{4}\right)\left(5^4+\frac{1}{4}\right)...\left(19^4+\frac{1}{4}\right)}{\left(2^4+\frac{1}{4}\right)\left(4^4+\frac{1}{4}\right)\left(6^4+\frac{1}{4}\right)...\left(20^4+\frac{1}{4}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\frac{1}{2}\left(2+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(6+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(12+\frac{1}{2}\right)...\left(342+\frac{1}{2}\right).\left(380+\frac{1}{2}\right)}{\left(2+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(6+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(12+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(20+\frac{1}{2}\right)...\left(380+\frac{1}{2}\right).\left(420+\frac{1}{2}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{420+\frac{1}{2}}=\frac{1}{841}\)
Ta nhận thấy : \(\frac{1}{n^2\left(n+1\right)^2}< \frac{2n+1}{n^2\left(n+1\right)^2}=\frac{1}{n^2}-\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)^2}\forall n>1,n\in N\)
Sửa đề nha : 1/4+1/36+... mới làm đc
\(\frac{1}{4}< 1-\frac{1}{4}\)
\(\frac{1}{36}< \frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{9}\)
...Cộng hết lại đc
\(VT< 1-\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{9}+...+\frac{1}{n^2}-\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)^2}\)\(\).Ta có N>1 nên
Hình như ko đc...Xem lại đề
Chứng minh: \(\frac{1}{n^2+\left(n+1\right)^2}< \frac{1}{2n\left(n+1\right)}\)
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{n^2+\left(n+1\right)^2}=\frac{1}{n^2+n^2+2n+1}=\frac{1}{2n^2+2n+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2n^2+2n+1}< \frac{1}{2n^2+2n}=\frac{1}{2n\left(n+1\right)}\)
Thay vào bài toán:
\(\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{13}+...+\frac{1}{n^2+\left(n+1\right)^2}=\frac{1}{1^2+\left(1+1\right)^2}+\frac{1}{2^2+\left(2+1\right)^2}+...+\frac{1}{n^2+\left(n+1\right)^2}< \frac{1}{2.1.2}+\frac{1}{2.2.3}+...+\frac{1}{2n+\left(n+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}.\left[\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+...+\frac{1}{n.\left(n+1\right)}\right]\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}.\left(1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n-1}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2\left(n+1\right)}< \frac{1}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)