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Đặt \(abc=k^3\), khi đó tồn tại các số thực dương x,y,z sao cho:
\(a=\frac{ky}{x};b=\frac{kz}{y};c=\frac{kx}{z}\)
Khi đó bất đẳng thức cần chứng minh tương đương:
\(\frac{1}{\frac{ky}{x}\left(\frac{kz}{y}+1\right)}+\frac{1}{\frac{kz}{y}\left(\frac{kx}{z}+1\right)}+\frac{1}{\frac{kx}{z}\left(\frac{ky}{x}+1\right)}\ge\frac{3}{k\left(k+1\right)}\)
Hay \(\frac{x}{y+kz}+\frac{y}{z+kx}+\frac{z}{x+ky}\ge\frac{3}{k+1}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Bunhiacopxki ta được:
\(\frac{x}{y+kz}+\frac{y}{z+kx}+\frac{z}{x+ky}\)
\(=\frac{x^2}{x\left(y+kz\right)}+\frac{y^2}{y\left(z+kx\right)}+\frac{z^2}{z\left(x+ky\right)}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x\left(y+kz\right)+y\left(z+kx\right)+z\left(x+ky\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(k+1\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\ge\frac{3}{k+1}\)
Vậy bất đẳng thức được chứng minh, dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
\(\frac{a^2}{\sqrt{3a^2+8b^2+12ab+2ab}}\ge\frac{a^2}{\sqrt{3a^2+9b^2+12ab+a^2+b^2}}=\frac{a^2}{\sqrt{\left(2a+3b\right)^2}}=\frac{a^2}{2a+3b}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\frac{a^2}{2a+3b}+\frac{b^2}{2b+3c}+\frac{c^2}{2c+3a}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{5\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{1}{5}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
\(\left(a+\frac{4b}{c^2}\right)\left(b+\frac{4c}{a^2}\right)\left(c+\frac{4a}{b^2}\right)\ge2\sqrt{\frac{4ab}{c^2}}.2\sqrt{\frac{4bc}{a^2}}.2\sqrt{\frac{4ac}{b^2}}=64\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=2\)
\(\frac{a^3}{b}+ab\ge2a^2\) ; \(\frac{b^3}{c}+bc\ge2b^2\); \(\frac{c^3}{a}+ac\ge2c^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}\ge2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=ab+bc+ca\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Ta có: \(\frac{5a^3-b^3}{ab+3a^2}=\frac{3a^3-b^3}{ab+3a^2}+\frac{2a^3}{ab+3a^2}\)
\(=a-\frac{a^2b+b^3}{ab+3a^2}+\frac{2a^3}{ab+3a^2}\)
= \(a-\frac{b\left(a^2+b^2\right)}{a\left(b+3a\right)}+\frac{2a^3}{a\left(b+3a\right)}\) (1)
Áp dụng BĐT AM - GM ( x2 + y2 \(\ge2xy\)) ta có:
(1) \(\le a-\frac{2ab^2}{a\left(b+3a\right)}+\frac{2a^2}{b+3a}\) = \(a-\frac{2b^2}{b+3a}+\frac{2a^2}{b+3a}\) (2)
Tương tự ta cũng có:
\(\frac{5b^3-c^3}{bc+3b^2}\le b-\frac{2c^2}{c+3b}+\frac{2b^2}{c+3b}\left(3\right)\)
\(\frac{5c^3-a^2}{ca+3c^2}\)\(\le c-\frac{2a^2}{a+3c}+\frac{2c^2}{a+3c}\)(4)
Từ (2), (3), (4) \(\Rightarrow\frac{5a^3-b^3}{ab+3a^2}+\frac{5b^3-c^3}{bc+3b^2}+\frac{5c^3-a^3}{ca+3c^2}\le a+b+c+\left(\frac{2a^2}{a+3c}-\frac{2a^2}{a+3c}\right)+\left(\frac{2b^2}{b+3c}-\frac{2b^2}{b+3c}\right)+\left(\frac{2c^2}{c+3a}-\frac{2c^2}{c+3a}\right)=a+b+c\le2018\)
Vậy \(\frac{5a^3-b^3}{ab+3a^2}+\frac{5b^3-c^3}{bc+3b^2}+\frac{5c^3-a^3}{ca+3c^2}\le2018\)
Bạn xem lại đề. Cho $a=b=c=1$ thì BĐT sai.