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Ta có : A = 2 + 22 + 23 +... + 260
= (2 + 22 + 23 + 24) + ... + ( 257 + 258 + 259 +260)
= 2 x ( 1 + 2 + 22 + 23) + ... + 257 x ( 1 + 2 + 22 + 23)
= 2 x 15 + ... + 257 x 15
Vì 15 chia hết cho 3 =.> 2x15 chia hết cho 3;...; 257x15 chia hết cho 3
Vậy A chia hết cho 3
A = \(\left(2+2^2+2^3+2^4\right)+\left(2^5+2^6+2^7+2^8\right)+...+\left(2^{57} +2^{58}+2^{59}+2^{60}\right)\)
\(=2.\left(1+2+2^2+2^3\right)+2^5.\left(1+2+2^2+2^3\right)+..2^{57}.\left(1+2+2^2+2^3\right)\)
\(=2.15+2^5.15+...+2^{57}.15\)
\(=15.\left(2+2^5+...+2^{57}\right)\text{chia hết cho 15}\)
\(=5.3.\left(2+2^5+...+2^{57}\right)\text{ chia hết cho 5}\left(1\right)\)
A = \(2.\left(1+2+2^2+2^3+2^4\right)+2^6.\left(1+2+2^2+2^3+2^4\right)+...+2^{56}.\left(1+2+2^2+2^3+2^4\right)\)
\(=2.31+2^6.31+...+2^{56}.31\)
\(=31.\left(2+2^6+...+2^{56}\right)\text{ chia hết cho 31}\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) => A chia hết cho 5.31
B = 1 + A nên B chia 5,31 và 15 đều dư 1.
a, \(A=2+2^2+2^3+....+2^{60}\)
\(=\left(2+2^2\right)+\left(2^3+2^4\right)+....+\left(2^{59}+2^{60}\right)\)
\(=2.\left(1+2\right)+2^3.\left(1+2\right)+....+2^{59}.\left(1+2\right)\)
\(=2.3+2^3.3+....+2^{59}.3\)
\(=3.\left(2+2^3+...+2^{59}\right)⋮3\)(đpcm)
\(B=2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{60}\)
\(2B=2^2+2^3+2^4+...+2^{61}\)
\(2B-B=\left(2^2+2^3+2^4+...+2^{61}\right)-\left(2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{60}\right)\)
\(B=2^{61}-2\)
\(B=2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{60}\)
\(=\left(2+2^2\right)+\left(2^3+2^4\right)+...+\left(2^{59}+2^{60}\right)\)
\(=2\left(1+2\right)+2^3\left(1+2\right)+...+2^{59}\left(1+2\right)\)
\(=3\left(2+2^3+...+2^{59}\right)⋮3\)
Ta có: A= 2 + 22 + 23 + ... + 260= (2 +22) + (23+ 24) + ... + (259 + 260).
= 2 x (2 + 1) + 23 x (2 + 1) + ... + 259 x (2 + 1).
= 2 x 3 + 23 x 3 + ... + 259 x 3.
= 3 x ( 2 + 23 + ... + 259).
Vì A = 3 x ( 2 + 23 + ... + 259) nên A chia hết cho 3.
A= (2 +22 + 23) + (24 + 25 + 26) + ... + (258 + 259 + 260).
= 2 x (1 + 2 + 22) + 24 x (1 + 2 + 22) + ... + 258 x (1 + 2 + 22).
= 2 x 7 + 24 x 7 + ... + 258 x 7.
= 7 x ( 2 + 24 + ... + 258).
Vì A = 7 x ( 2 + 24 + ... + 258) nên A chia hết cho 7.
A= (2 +22 + 23 + 24) + (25 + 26 + 27 + 28) + ... + (257 + 258 + 259 + 260).
= 2 x (1 + 2 + 22 + 23) + 25 x (1 + 2 + 22 + 23) + ... + 257 x (1 + 2 + 22 + 23).
= 2 x 15 + 25 x 15 + ... + 257 x 15.
= 15 x ( 2 + 24 + ... + 258).
Vì A = 15 x ( 2 + 24 + ... + 258) nên A chia hết cho 15.
Ta có: B= 3 + 33 + 35 + ... + 31991= (3 + 33 + 35) + (37+ 39 + 311 ) + ... + (31987 + 31989 + 31991).
= 3 x (1 + 32 + 34) + 37 x (1 + 32 + 34) + ... + 31987 x (1 + 32 + 34).
= 3 x 91 + 37 x 91 + ... + 31987 x 91= 3 x 7 x 13 + 37 x 7 x 13 + ... + 31987 x 7 x 13.
= 13 x ( 3 x 7 + 37 x 7 + ... + 31987 x 7).
Vì B = 13 x ( 3 x 7 + 37 x 7 + ... + 31987 x 7) nên B chia hết cho 13.
B= (3 + 33 + 35 + 37) + ... + (31985 + 31987 + 31989 + 31991).
= 3 x (1 + 32 + 34 + 36) + ... + 31985 x (1 + 32 + 34 + 36).
= 3 x 820 + ... + 31985 x 820= 3 x 20 x 41 + ... + 31985 x 20 x 41.
= 41 x ( 3 x 20 + .. + 31985 x 20)
Vì B =41 x ( 3 x 20 + .. + 31985 x 20) nên B chia hết cho 41.
a) Ta có: \(A=3+3^3+3^5+...+3^{1991}\)
\(=\left(3+3^3+3^5\right)+\left(3^7+3^9+3^{11}\right)+...+\left(3^{1987}+3^{1989}+3^{1991}\right)\)
\(=3\times\left(1+3^2+3^4\right)+3^7\times\left(1+3^2+3^4\right)+...+3^{1987}\times\left(1+3^2+3^4\right)\)
\(=3\times91+3^7\times91+...+3^{1987}\times91\)
\(=3\times7\times13+3^7\times7\times13+...+3^{1987}\times7\times13\)
\(=13\times\left(3\times7+3^7\times7+...+3^{1987}\times7\right)\)
Vì \(A=13\times\left(3\times7+3^7\times7+...+3^{1987}\times7\right)\)nên A chia hết cho 13.
b) Ta có: \(A=3+3^3+3^5+...+3^{1991}\)
\(=\left(3+3^3+3^5+3^7\right)+...+\left(3^{1985}+3^{1987}+3^{1989}+3^{1991}\right)\)
\(=3\times\left(1+3^2+3^4+3^6\right)+...+3^{1985}\times\left(1+3^2+3^4+3^6\right)\)
\(=3\times820+...+3^{1985}\times820\)
\(=3\times20\times41+...+3^{1985}\times20\times41\)
\(=41\times\left(3\times20+...+3^{1985}\times20\right)\)
Vì \(A=41\times\left(3\times20+...+3^{1985}\times20\right)\)nên A chia hết cho 41.
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