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\(\dfrac{bc^2}{a}+\dfrac{ca^2}{b}+\dfrac{ab^2}{c}=\dfrac{b^2c^2}{ab}+\dfrac{c^2a^2}{bc}+\dfrac{a^2b^2}{ac}\ge\dfrac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{ab+bc+ca}=ab+bc+ca\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Biến đổi tương đương:
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+ac+bc\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2ac+2bc\ge3\left(ab+ac+bc\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{ab+ac+bc}\ge3\)
b/ \(VT=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{ab+ac+bc}+\frac{ab+ac+bc}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=\frac{8\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{9\left(ab+ac+bc\right)}+\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{9\left(ab+ac+bc\right)}+\frac{ab+ac+bc}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\frac{8\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{9\left(ab+ac+bc\right)}+2\sqrt{\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2\left(ab+ac+bc\right)}{9\left(ab+ac+bc\right)\left(a+b+c\right)^2}}\ge\frac{8.3}{9}+\frac{2}{3}=\frac{10}{3}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
1 ) (a+b+c)^2 >= 3(ab+bc+ac)
<=> a^2 + b^2 + c^2 >= ab + bc + ac
<=> 2a^2 + 2b^2 + 2c^2 >= 2ab + 2bc + 2ac
<=> a^2 - 2ab + b^2 + b^2 - 2bc + c^2 + a^2 - 2ac + c^2 >= 0
<=> (a - b)^2 + (b-c)^2 + (a-c)^2 >= 0
( luôn đúng với mọi a ; b ; c )
( đpcm )
2 ) P = \(\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{ab+bc+ac}+\frac{ab+bc+ac}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{9\left(ab+bc+ac\right)}+\frac{ab+bc+ac}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}+\frac{8\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{9\left(ab+bc+ac\right)}\)
AD BĐT Cô - si và BĐT phụ đã cmt ở trên ta có : \(P\ge2.\frac{1}{3}+\frac{8.3.\left(ab+bc+ac\right)}{9\left(ab+bc+ac\right)}=\frac{2}{3}+\frac{8}{3}=\frac{10}{3}\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra <=> a = b = c
Khôi Bùi : theo e ý 2 có thể đơn giản hóa vấn đề bằng cách đặt ẩn phụ
đặt \(\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{ab+bc+ca}=t\left(t\ge3\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P=t+\frac{1}{t}=\frac{t}{9}+\frac{1}{t}+\frac{8}{9}t\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(P\ge2.\sqrt{\frac{t}{9}.\frac{1}{t}}+\frac{8}{9}t\ge\frac{2.1}{3}+\frac{8}{9}.3=\frac{10}{3}\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra <=> a=b
\(VT=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{9\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}+\frac{ab+bc+ca}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}+\frac{8\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{9\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
\(VT\ge2\sqrt{\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{9\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)^2}}+\frac{24\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{9\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\frac{10}{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Bunhiacopxki:
\(\left(a^2+bc+ca\right)\left(b^2+bc+ca\right)\ge\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{ab}{a^2+bc+ca}\le\dfrac{ab\left(b^2+bc+ca\right)}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{bc}{b^2+ca+ab}\le\dfrac{bc\left(c^2+ca+ab\right)}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}\)
\(\dfrac{ca}{c^2+ab+bc}\le\dfrac{ca\left(a^2+ab+bc\right)}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{ab\left(b^2+bc+ca\right)+bc\left(c^2+ca+ab\right)+ca\left(a^2+ab+bc\right)}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}\)
Nên ta chỉ cần chứng minh:
\(\dfrac{ab\left(b^2+bc+ca\right)+bc\left(c^2+ca+ab\right)+ca\left(a^2+ab+bc\right)}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}\le\dfrac{a^2+c^2+c^2}{ab+bc+ca}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab\left(b^2+bc+ca\right)+bc\left(c^2+ca+ab\right)+ca\left(a^2+ab+bc\right)\le\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
Nhân phá và rút gọn 2 vế:
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3b+b^3c+c^3a\ge abc\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^3b+b^3c+c^3a}{abc}\ge a+b+c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{c}+\dfrac{b^2}{a}+\dfrac{c^2}{b}\ge a+b+c\)
Đúng do: \(\dfrac{a^2}{c}+\dfrac{b^2}{a}+\dfrac{c^2}{b}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a+b+c}=a+b+c\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)