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Bài 1:
Ta có:
\(\text{VT}=\frac{a^2}{a+2b^2}+\frac{b^2}{b+2c^2}+\frac{c^2}{c+2a^2}\)
\(=a-\frac{2ab^2}{a+2b^2}+b-\frac{2bc^2}{b+2c^2}+c-\frac{2ca^2}{c+2a^2}=(a+b+c)-2\left(\frac{ab^2}{a+2b^2}+\frac{bc^2}{b+2c^2}+\frac{ca^2}{c+2a^2}\right)\)
\(=3-2M(*)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy ta có:
\(M=\frac{ab^2}{a+b^2+b^2}+\frac{bc^2}{b+c^2+c^2}+\frac{ca^2}{c+a^2+a^2}\leq \frac{ab^2}{3\sqrt[3]{ab^4}}+\frac{bc^2}{3\sqrt[3]{bc^4}}+\frac{ca^2}{3\sqrt[3]{ca^4}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M\leq \frac{1}{3}(\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2}+\sqrt[3]{b^2c^2}+\sqrt[3]{c^2a^2})\)
Tiếp tục áp dụng BĐT Cauchy:
\(\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2}+\sqrt[3]{b^2c^2}+\sqrt[3]{c^2a^2}\leq \frac{ab+ab+1}{3}+\frac{bc+bc+1}{3}+\frac{ca+ca+1}{3}=\frac{2(ab+bc+ac)+3}{3}\)
Mà \(ab+bc+ac\leq \frac{(a+b+c)^2}{3}=3\) (quen thuộc)
\(\Rightarrow M\leq \frac{1}{3}.\frac{2.3+3}{3}=1(**)\)
Từ \((*);(**)\Rightarrow \text{VT}\geq 3-2.1=1\)
(đpcm)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $a=b=c=1$
Bài 2:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy -Schwarz:
\(\text{VT}=\frac{a^3}{a^2+a^2b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+b^2c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+a^2c^2}\geq \frac{(a\sqrt{a}+b\sqrt{b}+c\sqrt{c})^2}{a^2+a^2b^2+b^2+b^2c^2+c^2+c^2a^2}\)
hay:
\(\text{VT}\geq \frac{(a\sqrt{a}+b\sqrt{b}+c\sqrt{c})^2}{1+a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2}(*)\)
Mặt khác, theo BĐT Cauchy ta dễ thấy:
\(a^4+b^4+c^4\geq a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\)
\(\Rightarrow (a^2+b^2+c^2)^2\geq 3(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 1\geq 3(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2)\Rightarrow a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\leq \frac{1}{3}(**)\)
Từ \((*);(**)\Rightarrow \text{VT}\geq \frac{(a\sqrt{a}+b\sqrt{b}+c\sqrt{c})^2}{1+\frac{1}{3}}=\frac{3}{4}(a\sqrt{a}+b\sqrt{b}+c\sqrt{c})^2\)
Ta có đpcm
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
M=\(\left(x_1+x_2\right)^2-2x_1.x_2+\left(y_1+y_2\right)^2-2y_1.y_2\)
Áp dụng định lý viettel :( :v )
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_1+x_2=-\dfrac{b}{a}\\x_1x_2=\dfrac{c}{a}\end{matrix}\right.\);\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y_1+y_2=-\dfrac{b}{c}\\y_1y_2=\dfrac{a}{c}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(M=\dfrac{b^2}{a^2}-\dfrac{2c}{a}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}-\dfrac{2a}{c}=\dfrac{b^2-4ac}{a^2}+\dfrac{b^2-4ac}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)\)
\(\ge2\left(\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)\ge4\)
Dấu = xảy ra: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=c\\b^2=4ac\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow b^2=4a^2=4c^2\)
@_@ 
đưa thẳng câu hỏi luôn đi ; nói như zầy chưa nghỉ ra câu trả lời ; chống mặt chết trước rồi
Bài 1:
Ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+8bc}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+8ac}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+8ab}}=\dfrac{a^2}{a\sqrt{a^2+8bc}}+\dfrac{b^2}{b\sqrt{b^2+8ac}}+\dfrac{c^2}{c\sqrt{c^2+8ab}}\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy Schwarz có:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{a\sqrt{a^2+8bc}}+\dfrac{b^2}{b\sqrt{b^2+8ac}}+\dfrac{c^2}{c\sqrt{c^2+8ab}}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a\sqrt{a^2+8bc}+b\sqrt{b^2+8bc}+c\sqrt{c^2+8bc}}\)
Lại sử dụng bđt Cauchy schwarz ta có:
\(a\sqrt{a^2+8bc}+b\sqrt{b^2+8ac}+c\sqrt{c^2+8ab}=\sqrt{a}\cdot\sqrt{a^3+8abc}+\sqrt{b}\cdot\sqrt{b^3+8abc}+\sqrt{c}\cdot\sqrt{c^3+8abc}\ge\sqrt{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^3+b^3+c^3+24abc\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+8bc}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+8ac}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+8ab}}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\sqrt{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^3+b^3+c^3+24abc\right)}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^3}{a^3+b^3+c^3+24abc}}\)
=> Ta cần chứng minh: \(\left(a+b+c\right)^3\ge a^3+b^3+c^3+24abc\)
hay \(\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\ge8abc\)
Áp dụng bđt Cosi ta có:
\(a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab};b+c\ge2\sqrt{bc};c+a\ge2\sqrt{ca}\)
Nhân các vế của 3 bđt trên ta đc:
\(\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\ge2\sqrt{ab}\cdot2\sqrt{bc}\cdot2\sqrt{ca}=8\sqrt{a^2b^2c^2}=8abc\)
=> Đpcm
$\sum \sqrt{\frac{ab+2c^2}{1+ab-c^2}}\geq ab+bc+ca+2$ - Bất đẳng thức và cực trị - Diễn đàn Toán học
Nice proof, nhưng đã quy đồng là phải thế này :v
\(BDT\Leftrightarrow\left(2a-\sqrt{a^2+3}\right)+\left(2b-\sqrt{b^2+3}\right)+\left(2c-\sqrt{c^2+3}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2-1}{2a+\sqrt{a^2+3}}+\dfrac{b^2-1}{2b+\sqrt{b^2+3}}+\dfrac{c^2-1}{2c+\sqrt{c^2+3}}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2-1}{2a+\sqrt{a^2+3}}+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}-a\right)+\dfrac{b^2-1}{2b+\sqrt{b^2+3}}+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{b}-b\right)+\dfrac{c^2-1}{2c+\sqrt{c^2+3}}+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{c}-c\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2a+\sqrt{a^2+3}}-\dfrac{1}{4a}\right)+\left(b^2-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2b+\sqrt{b^2+3}}-\dfrac{1}{4b}\right)+\left(c^2-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2c+\sqrt{a^2+3}}-\dfrac{1}{4c}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a^2-1\right)\left(2a-\sqrt{a^2+3}\right)}{a\left(2a+\sqrt{a^2+3}\right)}+\dfrac{\left(b^2-1\right)\left(2b-\sqrt{b^2+3}\right)}{b\left(2b+\sqrt{b^2+3}\right)}+\dfrac{\left(c^2-1\right)\left(2c-\sqrt{c^2+3}\right)}{c\left(2c+\sqrt{c^2+3}\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a^2-1\right)^2}{a\left(2a+\sqrt{a^2+3}\right)^2}+\dfrac{\left(b^2-1\right)^2}{b\left(2b+\sqrt{b^2+3}\right)^2}+\dfrac{\left(c^2-1\right)^2}{c\left(2c+\sqrt{c^2+3}\right)^2}\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Khi \(f\left(t\right)=\sqrt{1+t}\) là hàm lõm trên \([-1, +\infty)\) ta có:
\(f(t)\le f(3)+f'(3)(t-3)\forall t\ge -1\)
Tức là \(f\left(t\right)\le2+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(t-3\right)=\dfrac{5}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}t\forall t\ge-1\)
Áp dụng BĐT này ta có:
\(\sqrt{a^2+3}=a\sqrt{1+\dfrac{3}{a^2}}\le a\left(\dfrac{5}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}\cdot\dfrac{3}{a^2}\right)=\dfrac{5}{4}a+\dfrac{3}{4}\cdot\dfrac{1}{a}\)
Tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại ta cũng có:
\(\sqrt{b^2+3}\le\dfrac{5}{4}b+\dfrac{3}{4}\cdot\dfrac{1}{b};\sqrt{c^2+3}\le\dfrac{5}{4}c+\dfrac{3}{4}\cdot\dfrac{1}{c}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(VP\le\dfrac{5}{4}\left(a+b+c\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)=2\left(a+b+c\right)=VT\)
Do 1/b+1/c=3/4-1/a suy ra \(\sum\) (1a/)=3/4
Ta có \(\dfrac{\sqrt{b^2+bc+c^2}}{a^2}\)= \(\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(b+c\right)^2-bc}}{a^2}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(b+c\right)^2-\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{4}}}{a^2}=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}\left(b+c\right)}{2a^2}\)
Tương tự ta được:
P\(\ge\) \(\sqrt{3}\) \(\left(\sum\dfrac{b+c}{a^2}\right)\) \(\ge\) \(\sqrt{3}\) (1/a+1/b+1/c) \(\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt{3}}{4}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\) a=b=c=4
Bài 1:
a)
\(\sin ^2x+\sin ^2x\cot^2x=\sin ^2x(1+\cot^2x)=\sin ^2x(1+\frac{\cos ^2x}{\sin ^2x})\)
\(=\sin ^2x.\frac{\sin ^2x+\cos^2x}{\sin ^2x}=\sin ^2x+\cos^2x=1\)
b)
\((1-\tan ^2x)\cot^2x+1-\cot^2x\)
\(=\cot^2x(1-\tan^2x-1)+1=\cot^2x(-\tan ^2x)+1=-(\tan x\cot x)^2+1\)
\(=-1^2+1=0\)
c)
\(\sin ^2x\tan x+\cos^2x\cot x+2\sin x\cos x=\sin ^2x.\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}+\cos ^2x.\frac{\cos x}{\sin x}+2\sin x\cos x\)
\(=\frac{\sin ^3x}{\cos x}+\frac{\cos ^3x}{\sin x}+2\sin x\cos x=\frac{\sin ^4x+\cos ^4x+2\sin ^2x\cos ^2x}{\sin x\cos x}=\frac{(\sin ^2x+\cos ^2x)^2}{\sin x\cos x}=\frac{1}{\sin x\cos x}\)
\(=\frac{1}{\frac{\sin 2x}{2}}=\frac{2}{\sin 2x}\)
Bài 2:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy Schwarz ta có:
\(P=\frac{a^2}{\sqrt{a(2c+a+b)}}+\frac{b^2}{\sqrt{b(2a+b+c)}}+\frac{c^2}{\sqrt{c(2b+c+a)}}\)
\(\geq \frac{(a+b+c)^2}{\sqrt{a(2c+a+b)}+\sqrt{b(2a+b+c)}+\sqrt{c(2b+c+a)}}(*)\)
Tiếp tục áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\((\sqrt{a(2c+a+b)}+\sqrt{b(2a+b+c)}+\sqrt{c(2b+c+a)})^2\leq (a+b+c)(2c+a+b+2a+b+c+2b+c+a)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (\sqrt{a(2c+a+b)}+\sqrt{b(2a+b+c)}+\sqrt{c(2b+c+a)})^2\leq 4(a+b+c)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow \sqrt{a(2c+a+b)}+\sqrt{b(2a+b+c)}+\sqrt{c(2b+c+a)}\leq 2(a+b+c)(**)\)
Từ \((*); (**)\Rightarrow P\geq \frac{(a+b+c)^2}{2(a+b+c)}=\frac{a+b+c}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Vậy \(P_{\min}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=1$
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Bunyakovsky
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{8}{a^2}+\dfrac{9b^2}{2}+\dfrac{c^2a^2}{4}\right)\left[\left(\sqrt{2}\right)^2+\left(3\sqrt{2}\right)^2+2^2\right]}\ge\left(\sqrt{\dfrac{4}{a}+9b+ca}\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{6}\sqrt{\dfrac{8}{a^2}+\dfrac{9b^2}{2}+\dfrac{c^2a^2}{4}}\ge\dfrac{4}{a}+9b+ac\)
Tương tự ta có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2\sqrt{6}\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{8}{b^2}+\dfrac{9c^2}{2}+\dfrac{a^2b^2}{4}\right)}\ge\dfrac{4}{b}+9c+ab\\2\sqrt{6}\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{8}{c^2}+\dfrac{9a^2}{2}+\dfrac{b^2c^2}{4}\right)}\ge\dfrac{4}{c}+9a+bc\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow2\sqrt{6}S\ge\dfrac{4}{a}+9a+\dfrac{4}{b}+9b+\dfrac{4}{c}+9c+ab+bc+ac\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{6}S\ge\dfrac{4}{a}+a+8a+\dfrac{4}{b}+b+8b+\dfrac{4}{c}+c+8c+ab+bc+ca\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{4}{a}+a\ge2\sqrt{4}=4\\\dfrac{4}{b}+b\ge2\sqrt{4}=4\\\dfrac{4}{c}+c\ge2\sqrt{4}=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{4}{a}+a+8a+\dfrac{4}{b}+b+8b+\dfrac{4}{c}+c+8c+ab+bc+ca\ge12+8a+8b+8c+ab+bc+ac\)
\(\Rightarrow2\sqrt{6}S\ge12+8a+8b+8c+ab+bc+ac\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{6}S\ge12+2a+bc+2b+ac+2c+ab+6\left(a+b+c\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy
\(\Rightarrow2a+bc\ge2\sqrt{2abc}\)
Tượng tự ta có \(2b+ac\ge2\sqrt{2abc}\) ; \(2c+ab\ge2\sqrt{2abc}\)
\(\Rightarrow12+2a+bc+2b+ac+2c+ab+6\left(a+b+c\right)\ge6\left(a+b+c+\sqrt{2abc}\right)+12\)
\(\Rightarrow2\sqrt{6}S\ge6\left(a+b+c+\sqrt{2abc}\right)+12\)
Theo đề bài ta có \(a+b+c+\sqrt{2abc}\ge10\)
\(\Rightarrow6\left(a+b+c+\sqrt{2abc}\right)+12\ge72\)
\(\Rightarrow S\ge\dfrac{72}{2\sqrt{6}}=6\sqrt{6}\) ( đpcm )
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=2\)