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\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a;b;c\ge0\\a+b+c=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow0\le a;b;c\le1\)
\(\Rightarrow a\left(a-1\right)\le0\Rightarrow a^2\le a\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{2a^2+3a+4}=\sqrt{a^2+a^2+3a+4}\le\sqrt{a^2+a+3a+4}=a+2\)
Tương tự và cộng lại:
\(\Rightarrow M\le a+2+b+2+c+2=7\)
\(M_{max}=7\) khi \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(0;0;1\right)\) và các hoán vị
Lời giải:
Từ \(ab+bc+ac=3abc\Rightarrow \frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}=3\)
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
\(\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}\right)(a+b+b+c+c+c)\geq (1+1+1+1+1+1)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{1}{a}+\frac{2}{b}+\frac{3}{c}\geq \frac{36}{a+2b+3c}\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự:
\(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{2}{c}+\frac{3}{a}\geq \frac{36}{b+2c+3a}\)
\(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{2}{a}+\frac{3}{b}\geq \frac{36}{c+2a+3b}\)
Cộng các BĐT vừa thu được ở trên theo vế và rút gọn:
\(\frac{6}{a}+\frac{6}{b}+\frac{6}{c}\geq \frac{36}{a+2b+3c}+\frac{36}{b+2c+3a}+\frac{36}{c+2a+3b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 6\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\geq 36F\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 18\geq 36F\Leftrightarrow F\leq \frac{1}{2}\)
Vậy \(F_{\max}=\frac{1}{2}\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(Ta có: \(\frac{1}{2a+3b+3c}=\frac{1}{\left(a+b\right)+\left(a+c\right)+2\left(b+c\right)}\) Theo Cauchy: \(\frac{1}{x+y}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\) => \(\frac{1}{2a+3b+3c}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{\left(a+b\right)+\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}\right)\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1} {4}\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{a+c}\right)+\frac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}\right)\) => \(\frac{1}{2a+3b+3c}\le\frac{1}{8}\left(\frac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{1}{2\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{1}{b+c}\right)\) Tương tự: \(\frac{1}{3a+2b+3c}\le\frac{1}{8}\left(\frac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{a+c}\right)\) Và: \(\frac{1}{3a+3b+2c}\le\frac{1}{8}\left(\frac{1}{2\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{a+b}\right)\) => \(P\le\frac{1}{8}\left(\frac{2}{a+b}+\frac{2}{a+c}+\frac{2}{b+c}\right)=\frac{1}{4}.2017\) => Pmax = 2017:4=504,25\)
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{2a+3b+3c}=\frac{1}{\left(a+b\right)+\left(a+c\right)+2\left(b+c\right)}\)
Theo Cauchy: \(\frac{1}{x+y}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\)
=> \(\frac{1}{2a+3b+3c}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{\left(a+b\right)+\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}\right)\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{a+c}\right)+\frac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}\right)\)
=> \(\frac{1}{2a+3b+3c}\le\frac{1}{8}\left(\frac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{1}{2\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{1}{b+c}\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{1}{3a+2b+3c}\le\frac{1}{8}\left(\frac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{a+c}\right)\)
Và: \(\frac{1}{3a+3b+2c}\le\frac{1}{8}\left(\frac{1}{2\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{a+b}\right)\)
=> \(P\le\frac{1}{8}\left(\frac{2}{a+b}+\frac{2}{a+c}+\frac{2}{b+c}\right)=\frac{1}{4}.2017\)
=> Pmax = 2017:4=504,25
Câu hỏi của Hoàng Đức Thịnh - Toán lớp 8 - Học toán với OnlineMath
Biểu thức này có vẻ chỉ tìm được min chứ ko tìm được max:
Min:
\(P^2=a+b+c+a^3b^3+b^3c^3+c^3a^3+2\sqrt{\left(a+b^3c^3\right)\left(b+c^3a^3\right)}+2\sqrt{\left(a+b^3c^3\right)\left(c+a^3b^3\right)}+2\sqrt{\left(b+c^3a^3\right)\left(c+a^3b^3\right)}\)
\(P^2\ge a+b+c+2\sqrt{ab}+2\sqrt{bc}+2\sqrt{ca}\ge a+b+c=2\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\sqrt{2}\)
\(P_{min}=\sqrt{2}\) khi \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(0;0;2\right)\) và các hoán vị
\(\frac{ab}{a+3b+2c}=\frac{ab}{a+c+b+c+2b}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{ab}{a+c}+\frac{ab}{b+c}+\frac{a}{2}\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{bc}{b+3c+2a}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{bc}{a+b}+\frac{bc}{a+c}+\frac{b}{2}\right)\) ; \(\frac{ca}{c+3a+2b}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{ca}{b+c}+\frac{ca}{a+b}+\frac{c}{2}\right)\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(A\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{ab}{a+c}+\frac{bc}{a+c}+\frac{ab}{b+c}+\frac{ca}{b+c}+\frac{bc}{a+b}+\frac{ca}{a+b}+\frac{a+b+c}{2}\right)\)
\(A\le\frac{1}{9}.\frac{3}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)=1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=2\)