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\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a;b;c\ge0\\a+b+c=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow0\le a;b;c\le1\)
\(\Rightarrow a\left(a-1\right)\le0\Rightarrow a^2\le a\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{2a^2+3a+4}=\sqrt{a^2+a^2+3a+4}\le\sqrt{a^2+a+3a+4}=a+2\)
Tương tự và cộng lại:
\(\Rightarrow M\le a+2+b+2+c+2=7\)
\(M_{max}=7\) khi \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(0;0;1\right)\) và các hoán vị
Câu 1
\(a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}\Leftrightarrow ab\le\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}\\ \Leftrightarrow N=ab+\dfrac{1}{16ab}+\dfrac{15}{16ab}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{16}}+\dfrac{15}{4\left(a+b\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{15}{4}=\dfrac{17}{4}\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Câu 2:
\(P=a+\dfrac{1}{a}+2b+\dfrac{8}{b}+3c+\dfrac{27}{c}+4\left(a+b+c\right)\\ P\ge2\sqrt{1}+2\sqrt{16}+2\sqrt{81}+4\cdot6=2+8+18+4=32\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\b=2\\c=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
Câu 3: Cho a,b,c là các số thuộc đoạn [ -1;2 ] thõa mãn \(a^2+b^2+c^2=6.\) CMR : \(a+b+c>0\) - Hoc24
Cho a ; b ; c > 0 ; ab + bc + ac = 1
Tìm max : \(\dfrac{a}{a^2+1}+\dfrac{b}{b^2+1}-\dfrac{1}{c^2+1}\)
ĐK : a;b;c > 0
Ta có : \(ab+bc+ac=1\) \(\Leftrightarrow c\left(a+b\right)=1-ab\Leftrightarrow c=\dfrac{1-ab}{a+b}\)
Khi đó : \(c^2+1=\left(\dfrac{1-ab}{a+b}\right)^2+1\) \(=\dfrac{\left(ab\right)^2+1+a^2+b^2}{\left(a+b\right)^2}=\dfrac{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{c^2+1}=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)}\)
Ta có : \(\dfrac{a}{a^2+1}+\dfrac{b}{b^2+1}=\dfrac{ab^2+a^2b+a+b}{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)}=\dfrac{\left(ab+1\right)\left(a+b\right)}{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)}\)
Suy ra : \(A=\dfrac{a}{a^2+1}+\dfrac{b}{b^2+1}-\dfrac{1}{c^2+1}=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(ab+1-a-b\right)}{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)}=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)}{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)}\)
AD BĐT Cauchy ta được : \(\left(a+b\right)\left[\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)\right]\le\dfrac{\left[a+b+\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)\right]^2}{4}=\dfrac{\left(1+ab\right)^2}{4}\)
\(\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\ge\left(ab+1\right)^2\) ( theo BCS )
Suy ra : \(A\le\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(A=\dfrac{b^2}{b-1}=\dfrac{b^2-1+1}{b-1}=b+1+\dfrac{1}{b-1}=b-1+\dfrac{1}{b-1}+2\)
Áp dụng BĐT cosi cho \(b>0\left(b>1\right)\)
\(A=b-1+\dfrac{1}{b-1}+2\ge2\sqrt{\left(b-1\right)\cdot\dfrac{1}{b-1}}+2=2+2=4\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow\left(b-1\right)^2=1\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}b-1=1\\b-1=-1\left(ktm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow b=2\left(tm\right)\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy - Schwarz ta có:\(Q=\dfrac{2-2a^2b^2}{\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)}+\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{1+c^2}}=\dfrac{2\left(1-ab\right)\left(1+ab\right)}{\left(ab+bc+ca+a^2\right)\left(ab+bc+ca+b^2\right)}+\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{1+c^2}}=\dfrac{2\left(bc+ca\right)\left(1+ab\right)}{\left(a+b\right)^2\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{1+c^2}}=\dfrac{2c\left(1+ab\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}=\dfrac{2c\left(1+ab\right)}{\sqrt{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)}}+\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{1+c^2}}\le\dfrac{2c\left(1+ab\right)}{\sqrt{\left(ab+1\right)^2\left(c^2+1\right)}}+\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{1+c^2}}=\dfrac{2c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}+\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}=\dfrac{2\left(c+1\right)}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\le\dfrac{2\left(c+1\right)}{\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(c+1\right)^2}{2}}}=2\sqrt{2}\)Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a = b = \(\sqrt{2}-1;c=1\).
Vậy..
\(1,\text{Áp dụng Mincopxki: }\\ Q\ge\sqrt{\left(a+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)^2+\left(b+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)^2}\ge\sqrt{2^2+2^2}=\sqrt{8}=2\sqrt{2}\\ \text{Dấu }"="\Leftrightarrow a=b\)
\(2,\text{Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz: }\\ P\ge\dfrac{9}{a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca}=\dfrac{9}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{9}{1}=9\\ \text{Dấu }"="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Ta có:
P = a + b + c ≤ a + b + a + b = 2(a + b) ≤ 2(-1) = -2
Ta cũng có:
P = a + b + c ≤ a + b + c - 2abc ≥ a + b + c - 2(-1)(-1)(-1) = -3
Vậy GTNN của P = -3 và GTLN của P = -2.
\(A=ab+2\left(a+b\right)\le\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}+2\sqrt{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}=\frac{1}{2}+2\sqrt{2}=\frac{1+4\sqrt{2}}{2}\)
"=" khi \(a=b=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\)