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Câu a : \(a^2+b^2\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)
a: =>2a^2+2b^2>=a^2+2ab+b^2
=>a^2-2ab+b^2>=0
=>(a-b)^2>=0(luôn đúng)
c: =>3a^2+3b^2+3c^2>=a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ac
=>2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ac>=0
=>(a-b)^2+(b-c)^2+(a-c)^2>=0(luôn đúng)
a/
\(VT\ge\frac{\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2}{a+b}+\frac{\frac{1}{2}\left(b+c\right)^2}{b+c}+\frac{\frac{1}{2}\left(c+a\right)^2}{c+a}=a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}=3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
b/ Ta có: \(x^4+y^4\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(y^2+y^2\right)\ge xy\left(x^2+y^2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{1}{a+bc\left(b^2+c^2\right)}+\frac{1}{b+ca\left(a^2+c^2\right)}+\frac{1}{c+ab\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\)
\(VT\le\frac{1}{a+\frac{1}{a}\left(b^2+c^2\right)}+\frac{1}{b+\frac{1}{b}\left(a^2+c^2\right)}+\frac{1}{c+\frac{1}{c}\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\)
\(VT\le\frac{a}{a^2+b^2+c^2}+\frac{b}{a^2+b^2+c^2}+\frac{c}{a^2+b^2+c^2}=\frac{a+b+c}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)
\(VT\le\frac{a+b+c}{\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=\frac{3}{a+b+c}\le\frac{3}{3\sqrt[3]{abc}}=1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(P=\dfrac{\sqrt{a-1}}{a}+\dfrac{\sqrt{b-4}}{b}+\dfrac{\sqrt{c-9}}{c}=\dfrac{1.\sqrt{a-1}}{a}+\dfrac{2.\sqrt{b-4}}{2b}+\dfrac{3.\sqrt{c-9}}{3c}\)
Áp dụng hằng đẳng thức \(xy\le\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{2}\) ta được
\(P\le\dfrac{1+a-1}{2a}+\dfrac{4+b-4}{4b}+\dfrac{9+c-9}{6c}=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{6}=\dfrac{11}{12}\)
\(\Rightarrow P_{max}=\dfrac{11}{12}\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{a-1}=1\\\sqrt{b-4}=2\\\sqrt{c-9}=3\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=2\\b=8\\c=18\end{matrix}\right.\)
Lời giải:
Từ \(4(a+b+c)=3abc\Rightarrow \frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ac}=\frac{3}{4}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM cho các số dương ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{8}\geq 3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{a^3}.\frac{1}{b^3}.\frac{1}{8}}=\frac{3}{2}.\frac{1}{ab}\)
\(\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}+\frac{1}{8}\geq \frac{3}{2}.\frac{1}{bc}\)
\(\frac{1}{c^3}+\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{8}\geq \frac{3}{2}.\frac{1}{ac}\)
Cộng theo vế các BĐT vừa thu được:
\(2\left(\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}\right)\geq \frac{3}{2}\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}\right)-\frac{3}{8}=\frac{3}{2}.\frac{3}{4}-\frac{3}{8}=\frac{3}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}\geq \frac{3}{8}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=2$
3.
\(5a^2+2ab+2b^2=\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(4a^2+4ab+b^2\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(2a+b\right)^2\ge\left(2a+b\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{5a^2+2ab+2b^2}\ge2a+b\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{5a^2+2ab+2b^2}}\le\frac{1}{2a+b}\)
Tương tự \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{5b^2+2bc+2c^2}}\le\frac{1}{2b+c};\frac{1}{\sqrt{5c^2+2ca+2a^2}}\le\frac{1}{2c+a}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{1}{2a+b}+\frac{1}{2b+c}+\frac{1}{2c+a}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\le\frac{1}{3}.\sqrt{3\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\right)}=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow MaxP=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\sqrt{3}\)
Bài 1:
Ta có: a,b không âm(gt)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{a}\) và \(\sqrt{b}\) được xác định
Ta có: \(\frac{a+b}{2}\ge\sqrt{ab}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b-2\sqrt{ab}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng)
\(\dfrac{1}{2a-1}+\dfrac{1}{1}\ge\dfrac{4}{2a-1+1}=\dfrac{2}{a}\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{1}{2b-1}+1\ge\dfrac{2}{b}\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{2c-1}+1\ge\dfrac{2}{c}\)
Cộng vế:
\(VT\ge\dfrac{2}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}=\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}+\dfrac{4}{b+c}+\dfrac{4}{c+a}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
dễ Cm được x² +y² ≥ (x+y)²/2
<=> x² +y² ≥ 1/2(x² +y²) + xy
<=> 1/2(x² +y²) -xy ≥ 0
<=> 1/2(x-y)² ≥ 0 ( luôn đúng )
vậy x² + y² ≥ (x+y)²/2 = 1/2
tương tự thì
x^4 + y^4 ≥ (x² +y²)²/2 ≥ (1/2)²/2 = 1/8
vậy x^4 + y^4 ≥ 1/8
dấu = xảy ra <=> x=y=1/2
Đế sai : a = 0 ; b = 1 => a + b = 0 +1 = 1 nhưng
a^4 + b^4 = 0^4 + 1^4 = 0 + 1 = 1 khác 1/8