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đặt B=1/1*2+1/2*3+...+1/2011*2012
ta có:A= 1/2^2 + 1/3^2 + 1/4^2 + .... + 1/2010^2 + 1/2011^2 + 1/2012^2<B=1/1*2+1/2*3+...+1/2011*2012 (1)
B=1/1*2+1/2*3+...+1/2011*2012
=1-1/2+1/2-1/3+...+1/2011-1/2012
=1-1/2012<1 (2)
từ (1) và (2) =>A<1
Xét thấy : \(\frac{1}{2^2}< \frac{1}{1\cdot2};\frac{1}{3^2}< \frac{1}{2\cdot3};...;\frac{1}{2013^2}< \frac{1}{2012\cdot2013}\)
Khi đó : \(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{2013^2}< \frac{1}{1\cdot2}+\frac{1}{2\cdot3}+...+\frac{1}{2012\cdot2013}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2012}-\frac{1}{2013}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{2013}< 1\)
Hay \(A< 1\)
A = 1/2.2 + 1/3.3 +.......+ 1/2013.2013
A < 1/1.2 + 1/2.3 +........+ 1/2012.2013
A < 1 - 1/2 + 1/2 - 1/3 +......+ 1/2012 - 1/2013
A < 1 - 1/2013
A < 2012/2013 < 1
=> A < 1 (đpcm)
Thật vậy 1/22 < 1/1.2
1/23 < 1/2.3
........................
1/20122 < 1/2011.2012
1/20132 < 1/2012.2013
1/22 + 1/22 + .....+1/20122 + 1/20132 < 1/1.2+1/2.3+ .... +1/2011.2012 + 1/2012.2013 (1)
Mà 1/1.2+1/2.3+ .... +1/2011.2012 + 1/2012.2013
= 1 - 1/2 + 1/2 - 1/3 + .....+ 1/2011 - 1/2012 + 1/2012 - 1/2013
= 1 - 1/2013
= 2012/2013 < 1 (2)
Từ (1) và (2) => A<1
\(A=1+4+4^2+...+4^{2012}=\left(1+4+4^2\right)+4^3\left(1+4+4^2\right)+...+4^{2010}\left(1+4+4^2\right)\)
\(=21+21.4^3+...+21.4^{2010}=21\left(1+4^3+...+4^{2010}\right)⋮21\)
\(B=1+7+7^2+...+7^{101}=\left(1+7\right)+7^2\left(1+7\right)+...+7^{100}\left(1+7\right)\)
\(=8+7^2.8+...+7^{100}.8=8\left(1+7^2+...+7^{100}\right)⋮8\)
1) \(1+4+4^2+4^3+...+4^{2012}\)
\(=\left(1+4+4^2\right)+\left(4^3+4^4+4^5\right)+...+\left(4^{2010}+4^{2011}+4^{2012}\right)\)
\(=21+21\cdot4^3+...+21\cdot4^{2010}\)
\(=21\cdot\left(1+4^3+...+4^{2010}\right)\) chia hết cho 21
2) \(1+7+7^2+7^3+...+7^{101}\)
\(=\left(1+7\right)+\left(7^2+7^3\right)+...+\left(7^{100}+7^{101}\right)\)
\(=8+8\cdot7^2+...8\cdot7^{100}\)
\(=8\cdot\left(1+7^2+...+7^{100}\right)\) chia hết cho 8
3) CM chia hết cho 5:
\(2+2^2+2^3+2^4+...+2^{100}\)
\(=\left(2+2^3\right)+\left(2^2+2^4\right)+...+\left(2^{98}+2^{100}\right)\)
\(=5\cdot2+5\cdot2^2+...+5\cdot2^{98}\)
\(=5\cdot\left(2+2^2+...+2^{98}\right)\) chia hết cho 5
CM chia hết cho 31:
\(2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{100}\)
\(=\left(2+2^2+2^3+2^4+2^5\right)+...+\left(2^{96}+2^{97}+2^{98}+2^{99}+2^{100}\right)\)
\(=2\cdot31+...+2^{96}\cdot31\)
\(=31\cdot\left(2+...+2^{96}\right)\) chia hết cho 31
Đọc kĩ đề 1 tí là làm dc ngay:
\(A=\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{2012^2}\)
\(A< \dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+...+\dfrac{1}{2011.2012}\)
\(A< \dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{2011}-\dfrac{1}{2012}\)
\(A< \dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{2012}< 1\)
Vậy \(A< 1\)
A = \(\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{2012^2}\)
Ta có :
\(\dfrac{1}{3^2}< \dfrac{1}{2.3}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{4^2}< \dfrac{1}{3.4}\)
...
\(\dfrac{1}{2012^2}< \dfrac{1}{2011.2012}\)
=> A = \(\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{2012^2}\)< \(\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+...+\dfrac{1}{2011.2012}\) (1)
Biến đổi vế trái :
\(\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+...+\dfrac{1}{2011.2012}\)
= \(\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{2011}-\dfrac{1}{2012}\)
= \(\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{2012}\)
= \(\dfrac{1005}{2012}\)< 1 (2)
Từ (1) và (2), suy ra:
A < 1